Towards Scalable and Versatile Weight Space Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Learning representations of well-trained neural network models holds the promise to provide an understanding of the inner workings of those models. However, previous work has either faced limitations when processing larger networks or was task-specific to either discriminative or generative tasks. This paper introduces the SANE approach to weight-space learning. SANE overcomes previous limitations by learning task-agnostic representations of neural networks that are scalable to larger models of varying architectures and that show capabilities beyond a single task. Our method extends the idea of hyper-representations towards sequential processing of subsets of neural network weights, thus allowing one to embed larger neural networks as a set of tokens into the learned representation space. SANE reveals global model information from layer-wise embeddings, and it can sequentially generate unseen neural network models, which was unattainable with previous hyper-representation learning methods. Extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates that SANE matches or exceeds state-of-the-art performance on several weight representation learning benchmarks, particularly in initialization for new tasks and larger ResNet architectures.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2024.
Builds on
39 of 52 references.
References · 39
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 23; 2026: 14.
40 papers.
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- 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spacescited by 31
- 2025We Should Chart an Atlas of All the World's Modelscited by 25
- 2025The Universal Weight Subspace Hypothesiscited by 22
- 2025Drag-and-Drop LLMs: Zero-Shot Prompt-to-Weightscited by 18
- 2024Deep Linear Probe Generators for Weight Space Learningcited by 17
- 2025Recurrent Diffusion for Large-Scale Parameter Generationcited by 15
- 2025Generative Modeling of Weights: Generalization or Memorization?cited by 12
- 2024Learning on Model Weights using Tree Expertscited by 7
- 2025GradMetaNet: An Equivariant Architecture for Learning on Gradientscited by 7
- 2025MedFuncta: A Unified Framework for Learning Efficient Medical Neural Fieldscited by 6
- 2025Structure Is Not Enough: Leveraging Behavior for Neural Network Weight Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2025Weight-Space Linear Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 5
28 more
- 2025From Parameters to Behaviors: Unsupervised Compression of the Policy Spacecited by 4
- 2025Learning Model Representations Using Publicly Available Model Hubscited by 4
- 2026W2T: LoRA Weights Already Know What They Can Docited by 4
- 2025Adiabatic Fine-Tuning of Neural Quantum States Enables Detection of Phase Transitions in Weight Spacecited by 3
- 2025Flow to Learn: Flow Matching on Neural Network Parameterscited by 3
- 2025Instruction-Guided Autoregressive Neural Network Parameter Generationcited by 3
- 2025A Model Zoo of Vision Transformerscited by 3
- 2025A Model Zoo on Phase Transitions in Neural Networkscited by 3
- 2026DeepWeightFlow: Re-Basined Flow Matching for Generating Neural Network Weightscited by 3
- 2026HY-WU (Part I): An Extensible Functional Neural Memory Framework and An Instantiation in Text-Guided Image Editingcited by 2
- 2026Position: Weight Space Should Be a First-Class Generative AI Modalitycited by 2
- 2025The Impact of Model Zoo Size and Composition on Weight Space Learningcited by 1
- 2025HyperFlow: Gradient-Free Emulation of Few-Shot Fine-Tuningcited by 1
- 2025Flows and Diffusions on the Neural Manifoldcited by 1
- 2025iLTM: Integrated Large Tabular Modelcited by 1
- 2026Out-of-Support Generalisation via Weight-Space Sequence Modellingcited by 1
- 2026NNiT: Width-Agnostic Neural Network Generation with Structurally Aligned Weight Spacescited by 1
- 2026GeoSANE: Learning Geospatial Representations from Models, Not Datacited by 1
- 2026Unsupervised Behavioral Compression: Learning Low-Dimensional Policy Manifolds through State-Occupancy Matchingcited by 1
- 2026Evaluation without Generation: Non-Generative Assessment of Harmful Model Specialization with Applications to CSAMcited by 1
- 2024Hyper-Representations: Learning from Populations of Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025Adversarial Attacks in Weight-Space Classifierscited by 0
- 2025Metanetworks as Regulatory Operators: Learning to Edit for Requirement Compliancecited by 0
- 2026Breaking the Scale Barrier: One-Shot Knowledge Transfer via Frequency Transformcited by 0
- 2026Render, Don't Decode: Weight-Space World Models with Latent Structural Disentanglementcited by 0
- 2026WeightCLIP: Aligning Datasets and Models for Weight Space Learningcited by 0
- 2026Permutation-Equivariant Flow Matching for Alignment-Free Neural Weight Generationcited by 0
- 2026CrossGMN: Graph Metanetworks for Cross-Architecture Weight-Space Transformationscited by 0
- 2026CrossGMN: Graph Metanetworks for Cross-Architecture Weight-Space Transformations1 Oct 2026
- 2026Permutation-Equivariant Flow Matching for Alignment-Free Neural Weight Generation26 Sep 2026
- 2026WeightCLIP: Aligning Datasets and Models for Weight Space Learning3 Jul 2026
- 2026Position: Weight Space Should Be a First-Class Generative AI Modality18 May 2026
- 2026Render, Don't Decode: Weight-Space World Models with Latent Structural Disentanglement7 May 2026
- 2026Evaluation without Generation: Non-Generative Assessment of Harmful Model Specialization with Applications to CSAM28 Apr 2026
- 2026Unsupervised Behavioral Compression: Learning Low-Dimensional Policy Manifolds through State-Occupancy Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026GeoSANE: Learning Geospatial Representations from Models, Not Data24 Mar 2026
- 2026W2T: LoRA Weights Already Know What They Can Do16 Mar 2026
- 2026Breaking the Scale Barrier: One-Shot Knowledge Transfer via Frequency Transform8 Mar 2026
- 2026HY-WU (Part I): An Extensible Functional Neural Memory Framework and An Instantiation in Text-Guided Image Editing7 Mar 2026
- 2026NNiT: Width-Agnostic Neural Network Generation with Structurally Aligned Weight Spaces26 Feb 2026
28 more
- 2026Out-of-Support Generalisation via Weight-Space Sequence Modelling14 Feb 2026
- 2026DeepWeightFlow: Re-Basined Flow Matching for Generating Neural Network Weights8 Jan 2026
- 2025Metanetworks as Regulatory Operators: Learning to Edit for Requirement Compliance17 Dec 2025
- 2025The Universal Weight Subspace Hypothesis4 Dec 2025
- 2025iLTM: Integrated Large Tabular Model20 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning Model Representations Using Publicly Available Model Hubs2 Oct 2025
- 2025From Parameters to Behaviors: Unsupervised Compression of the Policy Space26 Sep 2025
- 2025Flows and Diffusions on the Neural Manifold14 Jul 2025
- 2025GradMetaNet: An Equivariant Architecture for Learning on Gradients2 Jul 2025
- 2025Drag-and-Drop LLMs: Zero-Shot Prompt-to-Weights19 Jun 2025
- 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spaces16 Jun 2025
- 2025Generative Modeling of Weights: Generalization or Memorization?9 Jun 2025
- 2025Weight-Space Linear Recurrent Neural Networks1 Jun 2025
- 2025A Model Zoo on Phase Transitions in Neural Networks25 Apr 2025
- 2025HyperFlow: Gradient-Free Emulation of Few-Shot Fine-Tuning21 Apr 2025
- 2025A Model Zoo of Vision Transformers14 Apr 2025
- 2025The Impact of Model Zoo Size and Composition on Weight Space Learning14 Apr 2025
- 2025Instruction-Guided Autoregressive Neural Network Parameter Generation2 Apr 2025
- 2025Flow to Learn: Flow Matching on Neural Network Parameters25 Mar 2025
- 2025Adiabatic Fine-Tuning of Neural Quantum States Enables Detection of Phase Transitions in Weight Space21 Mar 2025
- 2025Structure Is Not Enough: Leveraging Behavior for Neural Network Weight Reconstruction21 Mar 2025
- 2025We Should Chart an Atlas of All the World's Models13 Mar 2025
- 2025Adversarial Attacks in Weight-Space Classifiers27 Feb 2025
- 2025MedFuncta: A Unified Framework for Learning Efficient Medical Neural Fields20 Feb 2025
- 2025Recurrent Diffusion for Large-Scale Parameter Generation20 Jan 2025
- 2024Learning on Model Weights using Tree Experts17 Oct 2024
- 2024Deep Linear Probe Generators for Weight Space Learning14 Oct 2024
- 2024Hyper-Representations: Learning from Populations of Neural Networks7 Oct 2024
- 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spacescited by 31
- 2025We Should Chart an Atlas of All the World's Modelscited by 25
- 2025The Universal Weight Subspace Hypothesiscited by 22
- 2025Drag-and-Drop LLMs: Zero-Shot Prompt-to-Weightscited by 18
- 2024Deep Linear Probe Generators for Weight Space Learningcited by 17
- 2025Recurrent Diffusion for Large-Scale Parameter Generationcited by 15
- 2025Generative Modeling of Weights: Generalization or Memorization?cited by 12
- 2024Learning on Model Weights using Tree Expertscited by 7
- 2025GradMetaNet: An Equivariant Architecture for Learning on Gradientscited by 7
- 2025MedFuncta: A Unified Framework for Learning Efficient Medical Neural Fieldscited by 6
- 2025Structure Is Not Enough: Leveraging Behavior for Neural Network Weight Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2025Weight-Space Linear Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 5
12 most cited of 36 All 36 (JSON)
- 2026CrossGMN: Graph Metanetworks for Cross-Architecture Weight-Space Transformations1 Oct 2026
- 2026WeightCLIP: Aligning Datasets and Models for Weight Space Learning3 Jul 2026
- 2026Position: Weight Space Should Be a First-Class Generative AI Modality18 May 2026
- 2026Evaluation without Generation: Non-Generative Assessment of Harmful Model Specialization with Applications to CSAM28 Apr 2026
- 2026Unsupervised Behavioral Compression: Learning Low-Dimensional Policy Manifolds through State-Occupancy Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026GeoSANE: Learning Geospatial Representations from Models, Not Data24 Mar 2026
- 2026W2T: LoRA Weights Already Know What They Can Do16 Mar 2026
- 2026Breaking the Scale Barrier: One-Shot Knowledge Transfer via Frequency Transform8 Mar 2026
- 2026HY-WU (Part I): An Extensible Functional Neural Memory Framework and An Instantiation in Text-Guided Image Editing7 Mar 2026
- 2026NNiT: Width-Agnostic Neural Network Generation with Structurally Aligned Weight Spaces26 Feb 2026
- 2026Out-of-Support Generalisation via Weight-Space Sequence Modelling14 Feb 2026
- 2025Metanetworks as Regulatory Operators: Learning to Edit for Requirement Compliance17 Dec 2025
12 newest of 36 All 36 (JSON)