mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Towards Scalable and Versatile Weight Space Learning

arXiv 2406.09997 ↗First posted 14 Jun 2024cs.LGcited by 40

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Learning representations of well-trained neural network models holds the promise to provide an understanding of the inner workings of those models. However, previous work has either faced limitations when processing larger networks or was task-specific to either discriminative or generative tasks. This paper introduces the SANE approach to weight-space learning. SANE overcomes previous limitations by learning task-agnostic representations of neural networks that are scalable to larger models of varying architectures and that show capabilities beyond a single task. Our method extends the idea of hyper-representations towards sequential processing of subsets of neural network weights, thus allowing one to embed larger neural networks as a set of tokens into the learned representation space. SANE reveals global model information from layer-wise embeddings, and it can sequentially generate unseen neural network models, which was unattainable with previous hyper-representation learning methods. Extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates that SANE matches or exceeds state-of-the-art performance on several weight representation learning benchmarks, particularly in initialization for new tasks and larger ResNet architectures.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2024.

Builds on

39 of 52 references.

References · 39

  1. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  2. 2017Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networkscited by 4,861
  3. 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,611
  4. 2019Similarity of Neural Network Representations Revisitedcited by 1,695
  5. 2019Linear Mode Connectivity and the Lottery Ticket Hypothesiscited by 627
  6. 2022Git Re-Basin: Merging Models modulo Permutation Symmetriescited by 460
  7. 2018Tune: A Research Platform for Distributed Model Selection and Trainingcited by 395
  8. 2018Essentially No Barriers in Neural Network Energy Landscapecited by 328
  9. 2021Scaling Local Self-Attention for Parameter Efficient Visual Backbonescited by 220
  10. 2018Implicit Self-Regularization in Deep Neural Networks: Evidence from Random Matrix Theory and Implications for Learningcited by 211
  11. 2018Graph HyperNetworks for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 131
  12. 2020Predicting trends in the quality of state-of-the-art neural networks without access to training or testing datacited by 113
27 more
  1. 2018Predicting the Generalization Gap in Deep Networks with Margin Distributionscited by 111
  2. 2020Predicting Neural Network Accuracy from Weightscited by 107
  3. 2019Traditional and Heavy-Tailed Self Regularization in Neural Network Modelscited by 104
  4. 2021Parameter Prediction for Unseen Deep Architecturescited by 89
  5. 2022Learning to Learn with Generative Models of Neural Network Checkpointscited by 85
  6. 2021Learning Neural Network Subspacescited by 82
  7. 2021Loss Surface Simplexes for Mode Connecting Volumes and Fast Ensemblingcited by 75
  8. 2019Large Scale Structure of Neural Network Loss Landscapescited by 68
  9. 2022Hyper-Representations as Generative Models: Sampling Unseen Neural Network Weightscited by 63
  10. 2020Classifying the classifier: dissecting the weight space of neural networkscited by 62
  11. 2023Deep Learning on Implicit Neural Representations of Shapescited by 62
  12. 2024Graph Neural Networks for Learning Equivariant Representations of Neural Networkscited by 59
  13. 2020Computing the Testing Error without a Testing Setcited by 54
  14. 2019On Connected Sublevel Sets in Deep Learningcited by 51
  15. 2019HyperGAN: A Generative Model for Diverse, Performant Neural Networkscited by 51
  16. 2023FFCV: Accelerating Training by Removing Data Bottleneckscited by 49
  17. 2022Model Zoos: A Dataset of Diverse Populations of Neural Network Modelscited by 38
  18. 2023Can We Scale Transformers to Predict Parameters of Diverse ImageNet Models?cited by 29
  19. 2017Rethinking generalization requires revisiting old ideas: statistical mechanics approaches and complex learning behaviorcited by 24
  20. 2019Towards Task and Architecture-Independent Generalization Gap Predictorscited by 18
  21. 2022Evaluating natural language processing models with generalization metrics that do not need access to any training or testing datacited by 18
  22. 2022Hyper-Representations for Pre-Training and Transfer Learningcited by 12
  23. 2018Generating Neural Networks with Neural Networkscited by 10
  24. 2022Meta-Learning via Classifier(-free) Diffusion Guidancecited by 9
  25. 2021Compact and Optimal Deep Learning with Recurrent Parameter Generatorscited by 5
  26. 2022Learning the Space of Deep Modelscited by 3
  27. 2023Singular Value Representation: A New Graph Perspective On Neural Networkscited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 23; 2026: 14.

40 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Symmetry in Neural Network Parameter Spacescited by 31
  2. 2025We Should Chart an Atlas of All the World's Modelscited by 25
  3. 2025The Universal Weight Subspace Hypothesiscited by 22
  4. 2025Drag-and-Drop LLMs: Zero-Shot Prompt-to-Weightscited by 18
  5. 2024Deep Linear Probe Generators for Weight Space Learningcited by 17
  6. 2025Recurrent Diffusion for Large-Scale Parameter Generationcited by 15
  7. 2025Generative Modeling of Weights: Generalization or Memorization?cited by 12
  8. 2024Learning on Model Weights using Tree Expertscited by 7
  9. 2025GradMetaNet: An Equivariant Architecture for Learning on Gradientscited by 7
  10. 2025MedFuncta: A Unified Framework for Learning Efficient Medical Neural Fieldscited by 6
  11. 2025Structure Is Not Enough: Leveraging Behavior for Neural Network Weight Reconstructioncited by 5
  12. 2025Weight-Space Linear Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 5
28 more
  1. 2025From Parameters to Behaviors: Unsupervised Compression of the Policy Spacecited by 4
  2. 2025Learning Model Representations Using Publicly Available Model Hubscited by 4
  3. 2026W2T: LoRA Weights Already Know What They Can Docited by 4
  4. 2025Adiabatic Fine-Tuning of Neural Quantum States Enables Detection of Phase Transitions in Weight Spacecited by 3
  5. 2025Flow to Learn: Flow Matching on Neural Network Parameterscited by 3
  6. 2025Instruction-Guided Autoregressive Neural Network Parameter Generationcited by 3
  7. 2025A Model Zoo of Vision Transformerscited by 3
  8. 2025A Model Zoo on Phase Transitions in Neural Networkscited by 3
  9. 2026DeepWeightFlow: Re-Basined Flow Matching for Generating Neural Network Weightscited by 3
  10. 2026HY-WU (Part I): An Extensible Functional Neural Memory Framework and An Instantiation in Text-Guided Image Editingcited by 2
  11. 2026Position: Weight Space Should Be a First-Class Generative AI Modalitycited by 2
  12. 2025The Impact of Model Zoo Size and Composition on Weight Space Learningcited by 1
  13. 2025HyperFlow: Gradient-Free Emulation of Few-Shot Fine-Tuningcited by 1
  14. 2025Flows and Diffusions on the Neural Manifoldcited by 1
  15. 2025iLTM: Integrated Large Tabular Modelcited by 1
  16. 2026Out-of-Support Generalisation via Weight-Space Sequence Modellingcited by 1
  17. 2026NNiT: Width-Agnostic Neural Network Generation with Structurally Aligned Weight Spacescited by 1
  18. 2026GeoSANE: Learning Geospatial Representations from Models, Not Datacited by 1
  19. 2026Unsupervised Behavioral Compression: Learning Low-Dimensional Policy Manifolds through State-Occupancy Matchingcited by 1
  20. 2026Evaluation without Generation: Non-Generative Assessment of Harmful Model Specialization with Applications to CSAMcited by 1
  21. 2024Hyper-Representations: Learning from Populations of Neural Networkscited by 0
  22. 2025Adversarial Attacks in Weight-Space Classifierscited by 0
  23. 2025Metanetworks as Regulatory Operators: Learning to Edit for Requirement Compliancecited by 0
  24. 2026Breaking the Scale Barrier: One-Shot Knowledge Transfer via Frequency Transformcited by 0
  25. 2026Render, Don't Decode: Weight-Space World Models with Latent Structural Disentanglementcited by 0
  26. 2026WeightCLIP: Aligning Datasets and Models for Weight Space Learningcited by 0
  27. 2026Permutation-Equivariant Flow Matching for Alignment-Free Neural Weight Generationcited by 0
  28. 2026CrossGMN: Graph Metanetworks for Cross-Architecture Weight-Space Transformationscited by 0