TCMD: A Traditional Chinese Medicine QA Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
The recently unprecedented advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled the medical community by establishing advanced medical-domain models. However, due to the limited collection of medical datasets, there are only a few comprehensive benchmarks available to gauge progress in this area. In this paper, we introduce a new medical question-answering (QA) dataset that contains massive manual instruction for solving Traditional Chinese Medicine examination tasks, called TCMD. Specifically, our TCMD collects massive questions across diverse domains with their annotated medical subjects and thus supports us in comprehensively assessing the capability of LLMs in the TCM domain. Extensive evaluation of various general LLMs and medical-domain-specific LLMs is conducted. Moreover, we also analyze the robustness of current LLMs in solving TCM QA tasks by introducing randomness. The inconsistency of the experimental results also reveals the shortcomings of current LLMs in solving QA tasks. We also expect that our dataset can further facilitate the development of LLMs in the TCM area.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Jun 2024.
Builds on
23 of 36 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025TCM-Ladder: A Benchmark for Multimodal Question Answering on Traditional Chinese Medicinecited by 5
- 2025MTCMB: A Multi-Task Benchmark Framework for Evaluating LLMs on Knowledge, Reasoning, and Safety in Traditional Chinese Medicinecited by 4
- 2026LingLanMiDian: Systematic Evaluation of LLMs on TCM Knowledge and Clinical Reasoningcited by 1
- 2025TCM-5CEval: Extended Deep Evaluation Benchmark for LLM's Comprehensive Clinical Research Competence in Traditional Chinese Medicinecited by 0
- 2026MMIR-TCM: Memory-Integrated Multimodal Inference and Retrieval for TCM Clinical Decision Supportcited by 0
- 2026MMIR-TCM: Memory-Integrated Multimodal Inference and Retrieval for TCM Clinical Decision Support2 Jul 2026
- 2026LingLanMiDian: Systematic Evaluation of LLMs on TCM Knowledge and Clinical Reasoning2 Feb 2026
- 2025TCM-5CEval: Extended Deep Evaluation Benchmark for LLM's Comprehensive Clinical Research Competence in Traditional Chinese Medicine17 Nov 2025
- 2025MTCMB: A Multi-Task Benchmark Framework for Evaluating LLMs on Knowledge, Reasoning, and Safety in Traditional Chinese Medicine2 Jun 2025
- 2025TCM-Ladder: A Benchmark for Multimodal Question Answering on Traditional Chinese Medicine29 May 2025