SilentCipher: Deep Audio Watermarking
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Abstract (arXiv)
In the realm of audio watermarking, it is challenging to simultaneously encode imperceptible messages while enhancing the message capacity and robustness. Although recent advancements in deep learning-based methods bolster the message capacity and robustness over traditional methods, the encoded messages introduce audible artefacts that restricts their usage in professional settings. In this study, we introduce three key innovations. Firstly, our work is the first deep learning-based model to integrate psychoacoustic model based thresholding to achieve imperceptible watermarks. Secondly, we introduce psuedo-differentiable compression layers, enhancing the robustness of our watermarking algorithm. Lastly, we introduce a method to eliminate the need for perceptual losses, enabling us to achieve SOTA in both robustness as well as imperceptible watermarking. Our contributions lead us to SilentCipher, a model enabling users to encode messages within audio signals sampled at 44.1kHz.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 11; 2026: 8.
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- 2025Streaming Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Delayed Streams Modelingcited by 27
- 2025A Comprehensive Real-World Assessment of Audio Watermarking Algorithms: Will They Survive Neural Codecs?cited by 13
- 2025SoK: How Robust is Audio Watermarking in Generative AI models?cited by 10
- 2024Audio Codec Augmentation for Robust Collaborative Watermarking of Speech Synthesiscited by 4
- 2026Self Voice Conversion as an Attack against Neural Audio Watermarkingcited by 4
- 2025Watermarking for AI Content Detection: A Review on Text, Visual, and Audio Modalitiescited by 3
- 2025WaveVerify: A Novel Audio Watermarking Framework for Media Authentication and Combatting Deepfakescited by 3
- 2025HarmonicAttack: An Adaptive Cross-Domain Audio Watermark Removalcited by 3
- 2025The Impact of Audio Watermarking on Audio Anti-Spoofing Countermeasurescited by 2
- 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloningcited by 1
- 2026Latent-Mark: An Audio Watermark Robust to Neural Codec Compressioncited by 1
- 2026The Watermark Shortcut: How Provenance Marking Sabotages Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
9 more
- 2024LOCKEY: A Novel Approach to Model Authentication and Deepfake Trackingcited by 0
- 2025Targeted Data Poisoning for Black-Box Audio Datasets Ownership Verificationcited by 0
- 2025Efficient Speech Watermarking for Speech Synthesis via Progressive Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
- 2025Multi-bit Audio Watermarkingcited by 0
- 2026MerkleSpeech: Public-Key Verifiable, Chunk-Localised Speech Provenance via Perceptual Fingerprints and Merkle Commitmentscited by 0
- 2026Audio Pirates: Black-box Audio Watermark Removal via Diffusion Priorscited by 0
- 2026LambdaMark: Semantic Audio Watermarking for Robustness and Radioactivitycited by 0
- 2026MusicMark: A Robust Generative Watermarking Framework for Music Generationcited by 0
- 2026Tokens Change, Structure Endures: Spectral Watermarking for Generated Speechcited by 0
- 2026Tokens Change, Structure Endures: Spectral Watermarking for Generated Speech27 Sep 2026
- 2026MusicMark: A Robust Generative Watermarking Framework for Music Generation13 Jul 2026
- 2026The Watermark Shortcut: How Provenance Marking Sabotages Audio Deepfake Detection22 Jun 2026
- 2026LambdaMark: Semantic Audio Watermarking for Robustness and Radioactivity19 Jun 2026
- 2026Audio Pirates: Black-box Audio Watermark Removal via Diffusion Priors28 May 2026
- 2026Latent-Mark: An Audio Watermark Robust to Neural Codec Compression5 Mar 2026
- 2026MerkleSpeech: Public-Key Verifiable, Chunk-Localised Speech Provenance via Perceptual Fingerprints and Merkle Commitments10 Feb 2026
- 2026Self Voice Conversion as an Attack against Neural Audio Watermarking28 Jan 2026
- 2025HarmonicAttack: An Adaptive Cross-Domain Audio Watermark Removal26 Nov 2025
- 2025Multi-bit Audio Watermarking2 Oct 2025
- 2025The Impact of Audio Watermarking on Audio Anti-Spoofing Countermeasures25 Sep 2025
- 2025Efficient Speech Watermarking for Speech Synthesis via Progressive Knowledge Distillation24 Sep 2025
9 more
- 2025Streaming Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Delayed Streams Modeling10 Sep 2025
- 2025WaveVerify: A Novel Audio Watermarking Framework for Media Authentication and Combatting Deepfakes23 Jul 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Real-World Assessment of Audio Watermarking Algorithms: Will They Survive Neural Codecs?26 May 2025
- 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloning25 May 2025
- 2025Watermarking for AI Content Detection: A Review on Text, Visual, and Audio Modalities2 Apr 2025
- 2025SoK: How Robust is Audio Watermarking in Generative AI models?24 Mar 2025
- 2025Targeted Data Poisoning for Black-Box Audio Datasets Ownership Verification13 Mar 2025
- 2024Audio Codec Augmentation for Robust Collaborative Watermarking of Speech Synthesis20 Sep 2024
- 2024LOCKEY: A Novel Approach to Model Authentication and Deepfake Tracking12 Sep 2024
- 2025SoK: How Robust is Audio Watermarking in Generative AI models?cited by 10
- 2025Watermarking for AI Content Detection: A Review on Text, Visual, and Audio Modalitiescited by 3
- 2025WaveVerify: A Novel Audio Watermarking Framework for Media Authentication and Combatting Deepfakescited by 3
- 2026The Watermark Shortcut: How Provenance Marking Sabotages Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2024LOCKEY: A Novel Approach to Model Authentication and Deepfake Trackingcited by 0
- 2025Targeted Data Poisoning for Black-Box Audio Datasets Ownership Verificationcited by 0
- 2026MerkleSpeech: Public-Key Verifiable, Chunk-Localised Speech Provenance via Perceptual Fingerprints and Merkle Commitmentscited by 0
- 2026Audio Pirates: Black-box Audio Watermark Removal via Diffusion Priorscited by 0
- 2026MusicMark: A Robust Generative Watermarking Framework for Music Generationcited by 0
- 2026Tokens Change, Structure Endures: Spectral Watermarking for Generated Speechcited by 0
- 2026Tokens Change, Structure Endures: Spectral Watermarking for Generated Speech27 Sep 2026
- 2026MusicMark: A Robust Generative Watermarking Framework for Music Generation13 Jul 2026
- 2026The Watermark Shortcut: How Provenance Marking Sabotages Audio Deepfake Detection22 Jun 2026
- 2026Audio Pirates: Black-box Audio Watermark Removal via Diffusion Priors28 May 2026
- 2026MerkleSpeech: Public-Key Verifiable, Chunk-Localised Speech Provenance via Perceptual Fingerprints and Merkle Commitments10 Feb 2026
- 2025WaveVerify: A Novel Audio Watermarking Framework for Media Authentication and Combatting Deepfakes23 Jul 2025
- 2025Watermarking for AI Content Detection: A Review on Text, Visual, and Audio Modalities2 Apr 2025
- 2025SoK: How Robust is Audio Watermarking in Generative AI models?24 Mar 2025
- 2025Targeted Data Poisoning for Black-Box Audio Datasets Ownership Verification13 Mar 2025
- 2024LOCKEY: A Novel Approach to Model Authentication and Deepfake Tracking12 Sep 2024
- 2025Streaming Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Delayed Streams Modelingcited by 27
- 2025A Comprehensive Real-World Assessment of Audio Watermarking Algorithms: Will They Survive Neural Codecs?cited by 13
- 2024Audio Codec Augmentation for Robust Collaborative Watermarking of Speech Synthesiscited by 4
- 2026Self Voice Conversion as an Attack against Neural Audio Watermarkingcited by 4
- 2025HarmonicAttack: An Adaptive Cross-Domain Audio Watermark Removalcited by 3
- 2025The Impact of Audio Watermarking on Audio Anti-Spoofing Countermeasurescited by 2
- 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloningcited by 1
- 2026Latent-Mark: An Audio Watermark Robust to Neural Codec Compressioncited by 1
- 2025Multi-bit Audio Watermarkingcited by 0
- 2026LambdaMark: Semantic Audio Watermarking for Robustness and Radioactivitycited by 0
- 2026LambdaMark: Semantic Audio Watermarking for Robustness and Radioactivity19 Jun 2026
- 2026Latent-Mark: An Audio Watermark Robust to Neural Codec Compression5 Mar 2026
- 2026Self Voice Conversion as an Attack against Neural Audio Watermarking28 Jan 2026
- 2025HarmonicAttack: An Adaptive Cross-Domain Audio Watermark Removal26 Nov 2025
- 2025Multi-bit Audio Watermarking2 Oct 2025
- 2025The Impact of Audio Watermarking on Audio Anti-Spoofing Countermeasures25 Sep 2025
- 2025Streaming Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Delayed Streams Modeling10 Sep 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Real-World Assessment of Audio Watermarking Algorithms: Will They Survive Neural Codecs?26 May 2025
- 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloning25 May 2025
- 2024Audio Codec Augmentation for Robust Collaborative Watermarking of Speech Synthesis20 Sep 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025XAttnMark: Learning Robust Audio Watermarking with Cross-Attention
- 2026CRAW: Codec Robust Audio Watermarking
- 2024AudioMarkBench: Benchmarking Robustness of Audio Watermarking
- 2025AWARE: Audio Watermarking with Adversarial Resistance to Edits
- 2026Feature-Aligned Speech Watermarking for Robustness to Reconstruction Distortions
- 2024IDEAW: Robust Neural Audio Watermarking with Invertible Dual-Embedding
- 2021A Deep Learning-based Audio-in-Image Watermarking Scheme
- 2026The Vulnerability of Neural Audio Watermarks under Speech Enhancement ↗