mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AudioMarkBench: Benchmarking Robustness of Audio Watermarking

arXiv 2406.06979 ↗First posted 11 Jun 2024cs.LG cs.CR cs.SDcited by 23

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

The increasing realism of synthetic speech, driven by advancements in text-to-speech models, raises ethical concerns regarding impersonation and disinformation. Audio watermarking offers a promising solution via embedding human-imperceptible watermarks into AI-generated audios. However, the robustness of audio watermarking against common/adversarial perturbations remains understudied. We present AudioMarkBench, the first systematic benchmark for evaluating the robustness of audio watermarking against watermark removal and watermark forgery. AudioMarkBench includes a new dataset created from Common-Voice across languages, biological sexes, and ages, 3 state-of-the-art watermarking methods, and 15 types of perturbations. We benchmark the robustness of these methods against the perturbations in no-box, black-box, and white-box settings. Our findings highlight the vulnerabilities of current watermarking techniques and emphasize the need for more robust and fair audio watermarking solutions. Our dataset and code are publicly available at https://github.com/moyangkuo/AudioMarkBench.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2024.

Builds on

12 of 16 references.

References · 12

  1. 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
  2. 2016Adversarial examples in the physical worldcited by 1,769
  3. 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
  4. 2021SoundStream: An End-to-End Neural Audio Codeccited by 771
  5. 2022High Fidelity Neural Audio Compressioncited by 687
  6. 2019Square Attack: a query-efficient black-box adversarial attack via random searchcited by 685
  7. 2019HopSkipJumpAttack: A Query-Efficient Decision-Based Attackcited by 333
  8. 2016FMA: A Dataset For Music Analysiscited by 207
  9. 2023Evading Watermark based Detection of AI-Generated Contentcited by 78
  10. 2024Proactive Detection of Voice Cloning with Localized Watermarkingcited by 78
  11. 2023WavMark: Watermarking for Audio Generationcited by 50
  12. 2023Detecting Voice Cloning Attacks via Timbre Watermarkingcited by 44

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 10; 2026: 10.

23 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024SoK: Watermarking for AI-Generated Contentcited by 51
  2. 2025A Comprehensive Real-World Assessment of Audio Watermarking Algorithms: Will They Survive Neural Codecs?cited by 13
  3. 2025SoK: How Robust is Audio Watermarking in Generative AI models?cited by 10
  4. 2025Watermarking Without Standards Is Not AI Governancecited by 9
  5. 2024AI-generated Image Detection: Passive or Watermark?cited by 7
  6. 2025XAttnMark: Learning Robust Audio Watermarking with Cross-Attentioncited by 5
  7. 2026Self Voice Conversion as an Attack against Neural Audio Watermarkingcited by 4
  8. 2025RoHOI: Robustness Benchmark for Human-Object Interaction Detectioncited by 3
  9. 2025WaveVerify: A Novel Audio Watermarking Framework for Media Authentication and Combatting Deepfakescited by 3
  10. 2025HarmonicAttack: An Adaptive Cross-Domain Audio Watermark Removalcited by 3
  11. 2025Measuring the Robustness of Audio Deepfake Detection under Real-World Corruptioncited by 2
  12. 2026Who Gets Flagged? The Pluralistic Evaluation Gap in AI Content Watermarkingcited by 2
11 more
  1. 2024Can DeepFake Speech be Reliably Detected?cited by 1
  2. 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloningcited by 1
  3. 2026Latent-Mark: An Audio Watermark Robust to Neural Codec Compressioncited by 1
  4. 2026The Watermark Shortcut: How Provenance Marking Sabotages Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
  5. 2025AWARE: Audio Watermarking with Adversarial Resistance to Editscited by 0
  6. 2026Audio Pirates: Black-box Audio Watermark Removal via Diffusion Priorscited by 0
  7. 2026LambdaMark: Semantic Audio Watermarking for Robustness and Radioactivitycited by 0
  8. 2026MusicMark: A Robust Generative Watermarking Framework for Music Generationcited by 0
  9. 2026FeatMark: Feature-level Watermark Protection against Mimicry Attacks with Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  10. 2026Tokens Change, Structure Endures: Spectral Watermarking for Generated Speechcited by 0
  11. 2026GAMW: Generation-Aware Mel-Domain Watermarking for TTS Traceabilitycited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025The Impact of Audio Watermarking on Audio Anti-Spoofing Countermeasures
  2. 2026CRAW: Codec Robust Audio Watermarking
  3. 2026Hidden in Plain Tokens: Simply Robust, Gradient-Free Watermark for Synthetic Audio
  4. 2025Multi-bit Audio Watermarking
  5. 2026Feature-Aligned Speech Watermarking for Robustness to Reconstruction Distortions
  6. 2025Traceable TTS: Toward Watermark-Free TTS with Strong Traceability
  7. 2026Learning to Evade: Adaptive Attacks on Audio Watermarking ↗
  8. 2026The Vulnerability of Neural Audio Watermarks under Speech Enhancement ↗