mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Unsupervised Distractor Generation via Large Language Model Distilling and Counterfactual Contrastive Decoding

arXiv 2406.01306 ↗First posted 3 Jun 2024cs.CLcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

Within the context of reading comprehension, the task of Distractor Generation (DG) aims to generate several incorrect options to confuse readers. Traditional supervised methods for DG rely heavily on expensive human-annotated distractor labels. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised DG framework, leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as cost-effective annotators to enhance the DG capability of smaller student models. Specially, to perform knowledge distilling, we propose a dual task training strategy that integrates pseudo distractors from LLMs and the original answer in-formation as the objective targets with a two-stage training process. Moreover, we devise a counterfactual contrastive decoding mechanism for increasing the distracting capability of the DG model. Experiments show that our unsupervised generation method with Bart-base greatly surpasses GPT-3.5-turbo performance with only 200 times fewer model parameters. Our proposed unsupervised DG method offers a cost-effective framework for practical reading comprehension applications, without the need of laborious distractor annotation and costly large-size models

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2024.

Builds on

18 of 26 references.

References · 18

  1. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  2. 2015A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation Modelscited by 1,077
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  5. 2021Want To Reduce Labeling Cost? GPT-3 Can Helpcited by 196
  6. 2023AnnoLLM: Making Large Language Models to Be Better Crowdsourced Annotatorscited by 172
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  9. 2022Language Models in the Loop: Incorporating Prompting into Weak Supervisioncited by 52
  10. 2023LLM-powered Data Augmentation for Enhanced Cross-lingual Performancecited by 51
  11. 2023UDAPDR: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via LLM Prompting and Distillation of Rerankerscited by 37
  12. 2023A Comparative Study of AI-Generated (GPT-4) and Human-crafted MCQs in Programming Educationcited by 35
6 more
  1. 2020Automatic Distractor Generation for Multiple Choice Questions in Standard Testscited by 26
  2. 2018Generating Distractors for Reading Comprehension Questions from Real Examinationscited by 24
  3. 2020Knowledge-Driven Distractor Generation for Cloze-style Multiple Choice Questionscited by 24
  4. 2023Distractor generation for multiple-choice questions with predictive prompting and large language modelscited by 15
  5. 2019Co-Attention Hierarchical Network: Generating Coherent Long Distractors for Reading Comprehensioncited by 14
  6. 2020Improving Machine Reading Comprehension with Single-choice Decision and Transfer Learningcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.

11 papers.