Unsupervised Distractor Generation via Large Language Model Distilling and Counterfactual Contrastive Decoding
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Abstract (arXiv)
Within the context of reading comprehension, the task of Distractor Generation (DG) aims to generate several incorrect options to confuse readers. Traditional supervised methods for DG rely heavily on expensive human-annotated distractor labels. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised DG framework, leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as cost-effective annotators to enhance the DG capability of smaller student models. Specially, to perform knowledge distilling, we propose a dual task training strategy that integrates pseudo distractors from LLMs and the original answer in-formation as the objective targets with a two-stage training process. Moreover, we devise a counterfactual contrastive decoding mechanism for increasing the distracting capability of the DG model. Experiments show that our unsupervised generation method with Bart-base greatly surpasses GPT-3.5-turbo performance with only 200 times fewer model parameters. Our proposed unsupervised DG method offers a cost-effective framework for practical reading comprehension applications, without the need of laborious distractor annotation and costly large-size models
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2024.
Builds on
18 of 26 references.
References · 18
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6 more
- 2020Automatic Distractor Generation for Multiple Choice Questions in Standard Testscited by 26
- 2018Generating Distractors for Reading Comprehension Questions from Real Examinationscited by 24
- 2020Knowledge-Driven Distractor Generation for Cloze-style Multiple Choice Questionscited by 24
- 2023Distractor generation for multiple-choice questions with predictive prompting and large language modelscited by 15
- 2019Co-Attention Hierarchical Network: Generating Coherent Long Distractors for Reading Comprehensioncited by 14
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2024Merge, Ensemble, and Cooperate! A Survey on Collaborative Strategies in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 44
- 2024HumanVBench: Probing Human-Centric Video Understanding in MLLMs with Automatically Synthesized Benchmarkscited by 11
- 2025Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Predictioncited by 8
- 2024DiVERT: Distractor Generation with Variational Errors Represented as Text for Math Multiple-choice Questionscited by 7
- 2025Wrong Answers Can Also Be Useful: PlausibleQA -- A Large-Scale QA Dataset with Answer Plausibility Scorescited by 5
- 2025Mitigating Easy Option Bias in Multiple-Choice Question Answeringcited by 4
- 2025Lost in the Passage: Passage-level In-context Learning Does Not Necessarily Need a "Passage"cited by 2
- 2025The Ever-Evolving Science Examcited by 2
- 2025D-GEN: Automatic Distractor Generation and Evaluation for Reliable Assessment of Generative Modelcited by 1
- 2025DualReward: A Dynamic Reinforcement Learning Framework for Cloze Tests Distractor Generationcited by 0
- 2026Corpus Prevalence of Multiple-Choice Question Optionscited by 0
- 2026Corpus Prevalence of Multiple-Choice Question Options19 Feb 2026
- 2025Mitigating Easy Option Bias in Multiple-Choice Question Answering19 Aug 2025
- 2025The Ever-Evolving Science Exam22 Jul 2025
- 2025DualReward: A Dynamic Reinforcement Learning Framework for Cloze Tests Distractor Generation16 Jul 2025
- 2025D-GEN: Automatic Distractor Generation and Evaluation for Reliable Assessment of Generative Model18 Apr 2025
- 2025Wrong Answers Can Also Be Useful: PlausibleQA -- A Large-Scale QA Dataset with Answer Plausibility Scores22 Feb 2025
- 2025Lost in the Passage: Passage-level In-context Learning Does Not Necessarily Need a "Passage"15 Feb 2025
- 2025Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction21 Jan 2025
- 2024HumanVBench: Probing Human-Centric Video Understanding in MLLMs with Automatically Synthesized Benchmarks23 Dec 2024
- 2024Merge, Ensemble, and Cooperate! A Survey on Collaborative Strategies in the Era of Large Language Models8 Jul 2024
- 2024DiVERT: Distractor Generation with Variational Errors Represented as Text for Math Multiple-choice Questions27 Jun 2024