SLIDE: A Framework Integrating Small and Large Language Models for Open-Domain Dialogues Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
The long-standing one-to-many problem of gold standard responses in open-domain dialogue systems presents challenges for automatic evaluation metrics. Though prior works have demonstrated some success by applying powerful Large Language Models (LLMs), existing approaches still struggle with the one-to-many problem, and exhibit subpar performance in domain-specific scenarios. We assume the commonsense reasoning biases within LLMs may hinder their performance in domainspecific evaluations. To address both issues, we propose a novel framework SLIDE (Small and Large Integrated for Dialogue Evaluation), that leverages both a small, specialised model (SLM), and LLMs for the evaluation of open domain dialogues. Our approach introduces several techniques: (1) Contrastive learning to differentiate between robust and non-robust response embeddings; (2) A novel metric for semantic sensitivity that combines embedding cosine distances with similarity learned through neural networks, and (3) a strategy for incorporating the evaluation results from both the SLM and LLMs. Our empirical results demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in both the classification and evaluation tasks, and additionally the SLIDE evaluator exhibits better correlation with human judgements. Our code is available at https:// github.com/hegehongcha/SLIDE-ACL2024.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2024.
Builds on
26 of 40 references.
References · 26
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- 2017RUBER: An Unsupervised Method for Automatic Evaluation of Open-Domain Dialog Systemscited by 88
14 more
- 2023Topical-Chat: Towards Knowledge-Grounded Open-Domain Conversationscited by 88
- 2020Speaker-Aware BERT for Multi-Turn Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbotscited by 73
- 2015Towards Universal Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddingscited by 59
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- 2023Evaluating Evaluation Metrics: A Framework for Analyzing NLG Evaluation Metrics using Measurement Theorycited by 41
- 2023Effective Distillation of Table-based Reasoning Ability from LLMscited by 23
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- 2023Enhancing Dialogue Generation via Dynamic Graph Knowledge Aggregationcited by 16
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
11 papers.
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- 2024X-ray Made Simple: Lay Radiology Report Generation and Robust Evaluationcited by 9
- 2025GRAPHMOE: Amplifying Cognitive Depth of Mixture-of-Experts Network via Introducing Self-Rethinking Mechanismcited by 7
- 2025Beyond One-Size-Fits-All: Inversion Learning for Highly Effective NLG Evaluation Promptscited by 3
- 2025ContrastScore: Towards Higher Quality, Less Biased, More Efficient Evaluation Metrics with Contrastive Evaluationcited by 1
- 2025DRE: An Effective Dual-Refined Method for Integrating Small and Large Language Models in Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluationcited by 1
- 2025Why Text Prevails: Vision May Undermine Multimodal Medical Decision Makingcited by 1
- 2026The Single-Multi Evolution Loop for Self-Improving Model Collaboration Systemscited by 1
- 2024BioMNER: A Dataset for Biomedical Method Entity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025Natural Language Generationcited by 0
- 2026FigEx2: Visual-Conditioned Panel Detection and Captioning for Scientific Compound Figurescited by 0
- 2026The Single-Multi Evolution Loop for Self-Improving Model Collaboration Systems5 Feb 2026
- 2026FigEx2: Visual-Conditioned Panel Detection and Captioning for Scientific Compound Figures12 Jan 2026
- 2025Why Text Prevails: Vision May Undermine Multimodal Medical Decision Making15 Dec 2025
- 2025DRE: An Effective Dual-Refined Method for Integrating Small and Large Language Models in Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation4 Jun 2025
- 2025Beyond One-Size-Fits-All: Inversion Learning for Highly Effective NLG Evaluation Prompts29 Apr 2025
- 2025ContrastScore: Towards Higher Quality, Less Biased, More Efficient Evaluation Metrics with Contrastive Evaluation2 Apr 2025
- 2025Natural Language Generation20 Mar 2025
- 2025GRAPHMOE: Amplifying Cognitive Depth of Mixture-of-Experts Network via Introducing Self-Rethinking Mechanism14 Jan 2025
- 2024BioMNER: A Dataset for Biomedical Method Entity Recognition28 Jun 2024
- 2024Crafting Customisable Characters with LLMs: A Persona-Driven Role-Playing Agent Framework25 Jun 2024
- 2024X-ray Made Simple: Lay Radiology Report Generation and Robust Evaluation25 Jun 2024
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