mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SLIDE: A Framework Integrating Small and Large Language Models for Open-Domain Dialogues Evaluation

arXiv 2405.15924 ↗First posted 24 May 2024cs.CLcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

The long-standing one-to-many problem of gold standard responses in open-domain dialogue systems presents challenges for automatic evaluation metrics. Though prior works have demonstrated some success by applying powerful Large Language Models (LLMs), existing approaches still struggle with the one-to-many problem, and exhibit subpar performance in domain-specific scenarios. We assume the commonsense reasoning biases within LLMs may hinder their performance in domainspecific evaluations. To address both issues, we propose a novel framework SLIDE (Small and Large Integrated for Dialogue Evaluation), that leverages both a small, specialised model (SLM), and LLMs for the evaluation of open domain dialogues. Our approach introduces several techniques: (1) Contrastive learning to differentiate between robust and non-robust response embeddings; (2) A novel metric for semantic sensitivity that combines embedding cosine distances with similarity learned through neural networks, and (3) a strategy for incorporating the evaluation results from both the SLM and LLMs. Our empirical results demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in both the classification and evaluation tasks, and additionally the SLIDE evaluator exhibits better correlation with human judgements. Our code is available at https:// github.com/hegehongcha/SLIDE-ACL2024.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2024.

Builds on

26 of 40 references.

References · 26

  1. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  2. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
  3. 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,243
  4. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
  5. 2023Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluatorscited by 1,050
  6. 2018Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?cited by 820
  7. 2023Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?cited by 729
  8. 2021BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generationcited by 719
  9. 2023Is ChatGPT a Good NLG Evaluator? A Preliminary Studycited by 420
  10. 2023Large Language Models Are State-of-the-Art Evaluators of Translation Qualitycited by 416
  11. 2022Towards a Unified Multi-Dimensional Evaluator for Text Generationcited by 264
  12. 2017RUBER: An Unsupervised Method for Automatic Evaluation of Open-Domain Dialog Systemscited by 88
14 more
  1. 2023Topical-Chat: Towards Knowledge-Grounded Open-Domain Conversationscited by 88
  2. 2020Speaker-Aware BERT for Multi-Turn Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbotscited by 73
  3. 2015Towards Universal Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddingscited by 59
  4. 2020Improving Dialog Evaluation with a Multi-reference Adversarial Dataset and Large Scale Pretrainingcited by 59
  5. 2023Evaluating Evaluation Metrics: A Framework for Analyzing NLG Evaluation Metrics using Measurement Theorycited by 41
  6. 2023Effective Distillation of Table-based Reasoning Ability from LLMscited by 23
  7. 2021Synthesizing Adversarial Negative Responses for Robust Response Ranking and Evaluationcited by 16
  8. 2023Enhancing Dialogue Generation via Dynamic Graph Knowledge Aggregationcited by 16
  9. 2021MDD-Eval: Self-Training on Augmented Data for Multi-Domain Dialogue Evaluationcited by 13
  10. 2023The Iron(ic) Melting Pot: Reviewing Human Evaluation in Humour, Irony and Sarcasm Generationcited by 11
  11. 2020Fast and Scalable Dialogue State Tracking with Explicit Modular Decompositioncited by 10
  12. 2023Improving Medical Dialogue Generation with Abstract Meaning Representationscited by 10
  13. 2023Improving Biomedical Abstractive Summarisation with Knowledge Aggregation from Citation Paperscited by 9
  14. 2023A Cross-Attention Augmented Model for Event-Triggered Context-Aware Story Generationcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.

11 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024On the Benchmarking of LLMs for Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation
  2. 2025MEDAL: A Framework for Benchmarking LLMs as Multilingual Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluators
  3. 2024Leveraging LLMs for Dialogue Quality Measurement
  4. 2024Should We Fine-Tune or RAG? Evaluating Different Techniques to Adapt LLMs for Dialogue
  5. 2025Learning LLM Preference over Intra-Dialogue Pairs: A Framework for Utterance-level Understandings
  6. 2025Reasoning or Not? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Reasoning LLMs for Dialogue Summarization
  7. 2025Domain Specific Benchmarks for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models
  8. 2023SYNDICOM: Improving Conversational Commonsense with Error-Injection and Natural Language Feedback