CM-TTS: Enhancing Real Time Text-to-Speech Synthesis Efficiency through Weighted Samplers and Consistency Models
On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music
Abstract (arXiv)
Neural Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems find broad applications in voice assistants, e-learning, and audiobook creation. The pursuit of modern models, like Diffusion Models (DMs), holds promise for achieving high-fidelity, real-time speech synthesis. Yet, the efficiency of multi-step sampling in Diffusion Models presents challenges. Efforts have been made to integrate GANs with DMs, speeding up inference by approximating denoising distributions, but this introduces issues with model convergence due to adversarial training. To overcome this, we introduce CM-TTS, a novel architecture grounded in consistency models (CMs). Drawing inspiration from continuous-time diffusion models, CM-TTS achieves top-quality speech synthesis in fewer steps without adversarial training or pre-trained model dependencies. We further design weighted samplers to incorporate different sampling positions into model training with dynamic probabilities, ensuring unbiased learning throughout the entire training process. We present a real-time mel-spectrogram generation consistency model, validated through comprehensive evaluations. Experimental results underscore CM-TTS's superiority over existing single-step speech synthesis systems, representing a significant advancement in the field.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 38 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2024.
Builds on
38 of 73 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2023CoMoSpeech: One-Step Speech and Singing Voice Synthesis via Consistency Model11 May
- 2022Diffsound: Discrete Diffusion Model for Text-to-sound Generation20 Jul
- 2022Guided-TTS 2: A Diffusion Model for High-quality Adaptive Text-to-Speech with Untranscribed Data30 May
- 2022DiffGAN-TTS: High-Fidelity and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Denoising Diffusion GANs28 Jan
- 2021Guided-TTS: A Diffusion Model for Text-to-Speech via Classifier Guidance23 Nov
- 2021Grad-TTS: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Text-to-Speech13 May
- 2021Diff-TTS: A Denoising Diffusion Model for Text-to-Speech3 Apr
Other references · 31
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
- 2020Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learningcited by 4,712
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
- 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
- 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
- 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,710
- 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,139
- 2019An Introduction to Variational Autoencoderscited by 997
19 more
- 2019Improved Precision and Recall Metric for Assessing Generative Modelscited by 925
- 2017Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictionscited by 800
- 2016Automatic chemical design using a data-driven continuous representation of moleculescited by 762
- 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 710
- 2019LibriTTS: A Corpus Derived from LibriSpeech for Text-to-Speechcited by 639
- 2021Conditional Variational Autoencoder with Adversarial Learning for End-to-End Text-to-Speechcited by 555
- 2017Tacotron: Towards End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 487
- 2015Deep Speech 2: End-to-End Speech Recognition in English and Mandarincited by 449
- 2018Graph Convolutional Policy Network for Goal-Directed Molecular Graph Generationcited by 363
- 2019MelGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Conditional Waveform Synthesiscited by 351
- 2020Glow-TTS: A Generative Flow for Text-to-Speech via Monotonic Alignment Searchcited by 269
- 2021DiffSinger: Singing Voice Synthesis via Shallow Diffusion Mechanismcited by 154
- 2020End-to-End Adversarial Text-to-Speechcited by 77
- 2017Deep Voice 3: Scaling Text-to-Speech with Convolutional Sequence Learningcited by 67
- 2017Deep Speaker: an End-to-End Neural Speaker Embedding Systemcited by 56
- 2018FloWaveNet : A Generative Flow for Raw Audiocited by 54
- 2020Flowtron: an Autoregressive Flow-based Generative Network for Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 54
- 2023A Review of Deep Learning Techniques for Speech Processingcited by 52
- 2021Glow-WaveGAN: Learning Speech Representations from GAN-based Variational Auto-Encoder For High Fidelity Flow-based Speech Synthesiscited by 10
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
13 papers.
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- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesiscited by 22
- 2024DFADD: The Diffusion and Flow-Matching Based Audio Deepfake Datasetcited by 20
- 2024Synchronous Multi-modal Semantic Communication System with Packet-level Codingcited by 7
- 2025Voice Cloning: Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2025Marco-Voice Technical Reportcited by 3
- 2024Boosting Diffusion Model for Spectrogram Up-sampling in Text-to-speech: An Empirical Studycited by 1
- 2025Developing multilingual speech synthesis system for Ojibwe, Mi'kmaq, and Maliseetcited by 1
- 2025Curved Worlds, Clear Boundaries: Generalizing Speech Deepfake Detection using Hyperbolic and Spherical Geometry Spacescited by 1
- 2024ConSinger: Efficient High-Fidelity Singing Voice Generation with Minimal Stepscited by 0
- 2025Flamed-TTS: Flow Matching Attention-Free Models for Efficient Generating and Dynamic Pacing Zero-shot Text-to-Speechcited by 0
- 2025Data-efficient Targeted Token-level Preference Optimization for LLM-based Text-to-Speechcited by 0
- 2026mmWave Radar Aware Dual-Conditioned GAN for Speech Reconstruction of Signals With Low SNRcited by 0
1 more
- 2026A survey of AI-generated voices and their detectioncited by 0
- 2026A survey of AI-generated voices and their detection15 Aug 2026
- 2026mmWave Radar Aware Dual-Conditioned GAN for Speech Reconstruction of Signals With Low SNR25 Feb 2026
- 2025Curved Worlds, Clear Boundaries: Generalizing Speech Deepfake Detection using Hyperbolic and Spherical Geometry Spaces13 Nov 2025
- 2025Data-efficient Targeted Token-level Preference Optimization for LLM-based Text-to-Speech7 Oct 2025
- 2025Flamed-TTS: Flow Matching Attention-Free Models for Efficient Generating and Dynamic Pacing Zero-shot Text-to-Speech3 Oct 2025
- 2025Marco-Voice Technical Report4 Aug 2025
- 2025Voice Cloning: Comprehensive Survey1 May 2025
- 2025Developing multilingual speech synthesis system for Ojibwe, Mi'kmaq, and Maliseet4 Feb 2025
- 2024ConSinger: Efficient High-Fidelity Singing Voice Generation with Minimal Steps20 Oct 2024
- 2024DFADD: The Diffusion and Flow-Matching Based Audio Deepfake Dataset13 Sep 2024
- 2024Synchronous Multi-modal Semantic Communication System with Packet-level Coding8 Aug 2024
- 2024Boosting Diffusion Model for Spectrogram Up-sampling in Text-to-speech: An Empirical Study7 Jun 2024
1 more
- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis23 Apr 2024
- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesiscited by 22
- 2024DFADD: The Diffusion and Flow-Matching Based Audio Deepfake Datasetcited by 20
- 2024Boosting Diffusion Model for Spectrogram Up-sampling in Text-to-speech: An Empirical Studycited by 1
- 2025Curved Worlds, Clear Boundaries: Generalizing Speech Deepfake Detection using Hyperbolic and Spherical Geometry Spacescited by 1
- 2025Flamed-TTS: Flow Matching Attention-Free Models for Efficient Generating and Dynamic Pacing Zero-shot Text-to-Speechcited by 0
- 2025Curved Worlds, Clear Boundaries: Generalizing Speech Deepfake Detection using Hyperbolic and Spherical Geometry Spaces13 Nov 2025
- 2025Flamed-TTS: Flow Matching Attention-Free Models for Efficient Generating and Dynamic Pacing Zero-shot Text-to-Speech3 Oct 2025
- 2024DFADD: The Diffusion and Flow-Matching Based Audio Deepfake Dataset13 Sep 2024
- 2024Boosting Diffusion Model for Spectrogram Up-sampling in Text-to-speech: An Empirical Study7 Jun 2024
- 2024FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis23 Apr 2024
- 2024Synchronous Multi-modal Semantic Communication System with Packet-level Codingcited by 7
- 2025Voice Cloning: Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2025Marco-Voice Technical Reportcited by 3
- 2025Developing multilingual speech synthesis system for Ojibwe, Mi'kmaq, and Maliseetcited by 1
- 2024ConSinger: Efficient High-Fidelity Singing Voice Generation with Minimal Stepscited by 0
- 2026mmWave Radar Aware Dual-Conditioned GAN for Speech Reconstruction of Signals With Low SNRcited by 0
- 2026A survey of AI-generated voices and their detectioncited by 0
- 2026A survey of AI-generated voices and their detection15 Aug 2026
- 2026mmWave Radar Aware Dual-Conditioned GAN for Speech Reconstruction of Signals With Low SNR25 Feb 2026
- 2025Marco-Voice Technical Report4 Aug 2025
- 2025Voice Cloning: Comprehensive Survey1 May 2025
- 2025Developing multilingual speech synthesis system for Ojibwe, Mi'kmaq, and Maliseet4 Feb 2025
- 2024ConSinger: Efficient High-Fidelity Singing Voice Generation with Minimal Steps20 Oct 2024
- 2024Synchronous Multi-modal Semantic Communication System with Packet-level Coding8 Aug 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2025ECTSpeech: Enhancing Efficient Speech Synthesis via Easy Consistency Tuning
- 2025RapFlow-TTS: Rapid and High-Fidelity Text-to-Speech with Improved Consistency Flow Matching
- 2023NaturalSpeech 2: Latent Diffusion Models are Natural and Zero-Shot Speech and Singing Synthesizers
- 2026CuteTTS: Efficient and High-Quality Speech Synthesis via Autoregressive Modeling of Continuous Latents
- 2026DLLM-TTS: Block Discrete Diffusion Language Model for Text-to-Speech Synthesis
- 2024DMOSpeech: Direct Metric Optimization via Distilled Diffusion Model in Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis
- 2022FastDiff: A Fast Conditional Diffusion Model for High-Quality Speech Synthesis
- 2024On the Semantic Latent Space of Diffusion-Based Text-to-Speech Models