Towards Improving Document Understanding: An Exploration on Text-Grounding via MLLMs
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
In the field of document understanding, significant advances have been made in the fine-tuning of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with instruction-following data. Nevertheless, the potential of text-grounding capability within text-rich scenarios remains underexplored. In this paper, we present a text-grounding document understanding model, termed TGDoc, which addresses this deficiency by enhancing MLLMs with the ability to discern the spatial positioning of text within images. Empirical evidence suggests that text-grounding improves the model's interpretation of textual content, thereby elevating its proficiency in comprehending text-rich images. Specifically, we compile a dataset containing 99K PowerPoint presentations sourced from the internet. We formulate instruction tuning tasks including text detection, recognition, and spotting to facilitate the cohesive alignment between the visual encoder and large language model. Moreover, we curate a collection of text-rich images and prompt the text-only GPT-4 to generate 12K high-quality conversations, featuring textual locations within text-rich scenarios. By integrating text location data into the instructions, TGDoc is adept at discerning text locations during the visual question process. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple text-rich benchmarks, validating the effectiveness of our method.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 40 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2023.
Builds on
40 of 50 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
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- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation28 Jan
Other references · 35
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
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- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 5,045
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,024
- 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,071
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- 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,555
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,479
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
- 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,040
- 2023Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magiccited by 906
- 2022EVA: Exploring the Limits of Masked Visual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 691
- 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
- 2019LayoutLM: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Document Image Understandingcited by 553
- 2021InfographicVQAcited by 437
- 2020LayoutLMv2: Multi-modal Pre-training for Visually-Rich Document Understandingcited by 408
- 2023Monkey: Image Resolution and Text Label Are Important Things for Large Multi-modal Modelscited by 357
- 2019FUNSD: A Dataset for Form Understanding in Noisy Scanned Documentscited by 349
- 2023LLaVAR: Enhanced Visual Instruction Tuning for Text-Rich Image Understandingcited by 274
- 2021ICDAR2019 Competition on Scanned Receipt OCR and Information Extractioncited by 256
- 2023mPLUG-DocOwl: Modularized Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Understandingcited by 168
- 2023UReader: Universal OCR-free Visually-situated Language Understanding with Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 143
- 2023KOSMOS-2.5: A Multimodal Literate Modelcited by 96
- 2022Plug-and-Play VQA: Zero-shot VQA by Conjoining Large Pretrained Models with Zero Trainingcited by 88
- 2021LayoutReader: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Reading Order Detectioncited by 80
- 2023Visual Information Extraction in the Wild: Practical Dataset and End-to-end Solutioncited by 54
- 2019ICDAR 2019 Competition on Scene Text Visual Question Answeringcited by 46
- 2023StrucTexTv2: Masked Visual-Textual Prediction for Document Image Pre-trainingcited by 39
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 11; 2025: 9; 2026: 4.
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- 2025Visual Large Language Models for Generalized and Specialized Applications6 Jan 2025
- 2024AdaptVision: Dynamic Input Scaling in MLLMs for Versatile Scene Understanding30 Aug 2024
- 2024Mini-Monkey: Alleviating the Semantic Sawtooth Effect for Lightweight MLLMs via Complementary Image Pyramid4 Aug 2024
- 2024LLaVA-Read: Enhancing Reading Ability of Multimodal Language Models27 Jul 2024
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- 2024TextSquare: Scaling up Text-Centric Visual Instruction Tuning19 Apr 2024
- 2024InternLM-XComposer2-4KHD: A Pioneering Large Vision-Language Model Handling Resolutions from 336 Pixels to 4K HD9 Apr 2024
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- 2025DRISHTIKON: Visual Grounding at Multiple Granularities in Documents26 Jun 2025
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