FlashFace: Human Image Personalization with High-fidelity Identity Preservation
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Abstract (arXiv)
This work presents FlashFace, a practical tool with which users can easily personalize their own photos on the fly by providing one or a few reference face images and a text prompt. Our approach is distinguishable from existing human photo customization methods by higher-fidelity identity preservation and better instruction following, benefiting from two subtle designs. First, we encode the face identity into a series of feature maps instead of one image token as in prior arts, allowing the model to retain more details of the reference faces (e.g., scars, tattoos, and face shape ). Second, we introduce a disentangled integration strategy to balance the text and image guidance during the text-to-image generation process, alleviating the conflict between the reference faces and the text prompts (e.g., personalizing an adult into a "child" or an "elder"). Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on various applications, including human image personalization, face swapping under language prompts, making virtual characters into real people, etc. Project Page: https://jshilong.github.io/flashface-page.
Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2024.
Builds on
37 of 48 references.
References · 37
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- 2024InstantID: Zero-shot Identity-Preserving Generation in Secondscited by 431
- 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 414
- 2023AnyDoor: Zero-shot Object-level Image Customizationcited by 411
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- 2023StyleGAN-T: Unlocking the Power of GANs for Fast Large-Scale Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 212
- 2021General Facial Representation Learning in a Visual-Linguistic Mannercited by 193
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 16; 2026: 2.
31 papers.
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- 2024PuLID: Pure and Lightning ID Customization via Contrastive Alignmentcited by 143
- 2024UniReal: Universal Image Generation and Editing via Learning Real-world Dynamicscited by 100
- 2024Zero-shot Image Editing with Reference Imitationcited by 64
- 2024UniPortrait: A Unified Framework for Identity-Preserving Single- and Multi-Human Image Personalizationcited by 46
- 2024Stable-Hair: Real-World Hair Transfer via Diffusion Modelcited by 34
- 2025InfiniteYou: Flexible Photo Recrafting While Preserving Your Identitycited by 34
- 2024StoryMaker: Towards Holistic Consistent Characters in Text-to-image Generationcited by 27
- 2025Personalize Anything for Free with Diffusion Transformercited by 22
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
- 2025Cut2Next: Generating Next Shot via In-Context Tuningcited by 15
- 2024Towards Localized Fine-Grained Control for Facial Expression Generationcited by 12
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
19 more
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformerscited by 10
- 2024Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Decade Surveycited by 9
- 2025EditID: Training-Free Editable ID Customization for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesiscited by 7
- 2025OpenSubject: Leveraging Video-Derived Identity and Diversity Priors for Subject-driven Image Generation and Manipulationcited by 4
- 2025HiFi-Portrait: Zero-shot Identity-preserved Portrait Generation with High-fidelity Multi-face Fusioncited by 4
- 2025UIFace: Unleashing Inherent Model Capabilities to Enhance Intra-Class Diversity in Synthetic Face Recognitioncited by 3
- 2025FaceCrafter: Identity-Conditional Diffusion with Disentangled Control over Facial Pose, Expression, and Emotioncited by 3
- 2025AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2024FPGA: Flexible Portrait Generation Approachcited by 2
- 2024Foundation Cures Personalization: Improving Personalized Models' Prompt Consistency via Hidden Foundation Knowledgecited by 2
- 2025Stable-Hair v2: Real-World Hair Transfer via Multiple-View Diffusion Modelcited by 2
- 2025ImageGem: In-the-wild Generative Image Interaction Dataset for Generative Model Personalizationcited by 2
- 2024RealisID: Scale-Robust and Fine-Controllable Identity Customization via Local and Global Complementationcited by 1
- 2025RoomEditor++: A Parameter-Sharing Diffusion Architecture for High-Fidelity Furniture Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026Beyond Facial Consistency: Personalized Person Image Generation with Holistic Identity Preservationcited by 1
- 2024FashionComposer: Compositional Fashion Image Generationcited by 0
- 2025Training for Identity, Inference for Controllability: A Unified Approach to Tuning-Free Face Personalizationcited by 0
- 2026Diff-PC: Identity-preserving and 3D-aware Controllable Diffusion for Zero-shot Portrait Customizationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Facial Consistency: Personalized Person Image Generation with Holistic Identity Preservation28 Jul 2026
- 2026Diff-PC: Identity-preserving and 3D-aware Controllable Diffusion for Zero-shot Portrait Customization31 Jan 2026
- 2025RoomEditor++: A Parameter-Sharing Diffusion Architecture for High-Fidelity Furniture Synthesis19 Dec 2025
- 2025HiFi-Portrait: Zero-shot Identity-preserved Portrait Generation with High-fidelity Multi-face Fusion16 Dec 2025
- 2025OpenSubject: Leveraging Video-Derived Identity and Diversity Priors for Subject-driven Image Generation and Manipulation9 Dec 2025
- 2025Training for Identity, Inference for Controllability: A Unified Approach to Tuning-Free Face Personalization3 Dec 2025
- 2025ImageGem: In-the-wild Generative Image Interaction Dataset for Generative Model Personalization21 Oct 2025
- 2025AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Models7 Oct 2025
- 2025Cut2Next: Generating Next Shot via In-Context Tuning11 Aug 2025
- 2025Stable-Hair v2: Real-World Hair Transfer via Multiple-View Diffusion Model10 Jul 2025
- 2025FaceCrafter: Identity-Conditional Diffusion with Disentangled Control over Facial Pose, Expression, and Emotion21 May 2025
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformers25 Mar 2025
19 more
- 2025InfiniteYou: Flexible Photo Recrafting While Preserving Your Identity20 Mar 2025
- 2025Personalize Anything for Free with Diffusion Transformer16 Mar 2025
- 2025EditID: Training-Free Editable ID Customization for Text-to-Image Generation16 Mar 2025
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editability9 Mar 2025
- 2025UIFace: Unleashing Inherent Model Capabilities to Enhance Intra-Class Diversity in Synthetic Face Recognition27 Feb 2025
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Survey18 Feb 2025
- 2024RealisID: Scale-Robust and Fine-Controllable Identity Customization via Local and Global Complementation22 Dec 2024
- 2024FashionComposer: Compositional Fashion Image Generation18 Dec 2024
- 2024UniReal: Universal Image Generation and Editing via Learning Real-world Dynamics10 Dec 2024
- 2024Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Decade Survey25 Nov 2024
- 2024Foundation Cures Personalization: Improving Personalized Models' Prompt Consistency via Hidden Foundation Knowledge22 Nov 2024
- 2024StoryMaker: Towards Holistic Consistent Characters in Text-to-image Generation19 Sep 2024
- 2024FPGA: Flexible Portrait Generation Approach17 Aug 2024
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesis14 Aug 2024
- 2024UniPortrait: A Unified Framework for Identity-Preserving Single- and Multi-Human Image Personalization12 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Localized Fine-Grained Control for Facial Expression Generation25 Jul 2024
- 2024Stable-Hair: Real-World Hair Transfer via Diffusion Model19 Jul 2024
- 2024Zero-shot Image Editing with Reference Imitation11 Jun 2024
- 2024PuLID: Pure and Lightning ID Customization via Contrastive Alignment24 Apr 2024
- 2024Stable-Hair: Real-World Hair Transfer via Diffusion Modelcited by 34
- 2025InfiniteYou: Flexible Photo Recrafting While Preserving Your Identitycited by 34
- 2025Personalize Anything for Free with Diffusion Transformercited by 22
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformerscited by 10
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesiscited by 7
- 2025FaceCrafter: Identity-Conditional Diffusion with Disentangled Control over Facial Pose, Expression, and Emotioncited by 3
- 2025AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2024FPGA: Flexible Portrait Generation Approachcited by 2
- 2025Stable-Hair v2: Real-World Hair Transfer via Multiple-View Diffusion Modelcited by 2
- 2025Training for Identity, Inference for Controllability: A Unified Approach to Tuning-Free Face Personalizationcited by 0
- 2025Training for Identity, Inference for Controllability: A Unified Approach to Tuning-Free Face Personalization3 Dec 2025
- 2025AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Models7 Oct 2025
- 2025Stable-Hair v2: Real-World Hair Transfer via Multiple-View Diffusion Model10 Jul 2025
- 2025FaceCrafter: Identity-Conditional Diffusion with Disentangled Control over Facial Pose, Expression, and Emotion21 May 2025
- 2025AudCast: Audio-Driven Human Video Generation by Cascaded Diffusion Transformers25 Mar 2025
- 2025InfiniteYou: Flexible Photo Recrafting While Preserving Your Identity20 Mar 2025
- 2025Personalize Anything for Free with Diffusion Transformer16 Mar 2025
- 2024FPGA: Flexible Portrait Generation Approach17 Aug 2024
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesis14 Aug 2024
- 2024Stable-Hair: Real-World Hair Transfer via Diffusion Model19 Jul 2024
- 2024PuLID: Pure and Lightning ID Customization via Contrastive Alignmentcited by 143
- 2024UniReal: Universal Image Generation and Editing via Learning Real-world Dynamicscited by 100
- 2024Zero-shot Image Editing with Reference Imitationcited by 64
- 2024UniPortrait: A Unified Framework for Identity-Preserving Single- and Multi-Human Image Personalizationcited by 46
- 2024StoryMaker: Towards Holistic Consistent Characters in Text-to-image Generationcited by 27
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
- 2025Cut2Next: Generating Next Shot via In-Context Tuningcited by 15
- 2024Towards Localized Fine-Grained Control for Facial Expression Generationcited by 12
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
- 2024Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Decade Surveycited by 9
- 2025EditID: Training-Free Editable ID Customization for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
- 2025OpenSubject: Leveraging Video-Derived Identity and Diversity Priors for Subject-driven Image Generation and Manipulationcited by 4
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond Facial Consistency: Personalized Person Image Generation with Holistic Identity Preservation28 Jul 2026
- 2026Diff-PC: Identity-preserving and 3D-aware Controllable Diffusion for Zero-shot Portrait Customization31 Jan 2026
- 2025RoomEditor++: A Parameter-Sharing Diffusion Architecture for High-Fidelity Furniture Synthesis19 Dec 2025
- 2025HiFi-Portrait: Zero-shot Identity-preserved Portrait Generation with High-fidelity Multi-face Fusion16 Dec 2025
- 2025OpenSubject: Leveraging Video-Derived Identity and Diversity Priors for Subject-driven Image Generation and Manipulation9 Dec 2025
- 2025ImageGem: In-the-wild Generative Image Interaction Dataset for Generative Model Personalization21 Oct 2025
- 2025Cut2Next: Generating Next Shot via In-Context Tuning11 Aug 2025
- 2025EditID: Training-Free Editable ID Customization for Text-to-Image Generation16 Mar 2025
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editability9 Mar 2025
- 2025UIFace: Unleashing Inherent Model Capabilities to Enhance Intra-Class Diversity in Synthetic Face Recognition27 Feb 2025
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Survey18 Feb 2025
- 2024RealisID: Scale-Robust and Fine-Controllable Identity Customization via Local and Global Complementation22 Dec 2024
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)