mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Empowering LLMs with Pseudo-Untrimmed Videos for Audio-Visual Temporal Understanding

arXiv 2403.16276 ↗First posted 24 Mar 2024cs.CV cs.AIcited by 18

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Video understanding with MLLMs

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language and multimodal domains. By fine-tuning multimodal LLMs with temporal annotations from well-annotated datasets, e.g., dense video captioning datasets, their temporal understanding capacity in video-language tasks can be obtained. However, there is a notable lack of untrimmed audio-visual video datasets with precise temporal annotations for events. This deficiency hinders LLMs from learning the alignment between time, audio-visual events, and text tokens, thus impairing their ability to temporally localize audio-visual events in videos. To address this gap, we introduce PU-VALOR, a comprehensive audio-visual dataset comprising over 114,000 pseudo-untrimmed videos with detailed temporal annotations. PU-VALOR is derived from the large-scale but coarse-annotated audio-visual dataset VALOR, through a subtle method involving event-based video clustering, random temporal scaling, and permutation. By fine-tuning a multimodal LLM on PU-VALOR, we developed AVicuna, a model capable of aligning audio-visual events with temporal intervals and corresponding text tokens. AVicuna excels in temporal localization and time-aware dialogue capabilities. Our experiments demonstrate that AVicuna effectively handles temporal understanding in audio-visual videos and achieves state-of-the-art performance on open-ended video QA, audio-visual QA, and audio-visual event dense localization tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Video understanding with MLLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 36 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2024.

Builds on

36 of 60 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Audio-Visual LLM for Video Understanding11 Dec
  2. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projection16 Nov
  3. 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understanding5 Jun
  4. 2023Vid2Seq: Large-Scale Pretraining of a Visual Language Model for Dense Video Captioning27 Feb

Other references · 32

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2023Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the Worldcited by 1,075
  4. 2023Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magiccited by 891
  5. 2017Dense-Captioning Events in Videoscited by 789
  6. 2017Localizing Moments in Video with Natural Languagecited by 660
  7. 2019ActivityNet-QA: A Dataset for Understanding Complex Web Videos via Question Answeringcited by 559
  8. 2023VisionLLM: Large Language Model is also an Open-Ended Decoder for Vision-Centric Taskscited by 499
  9. 2023PandaGPT: One Model To Instruction-Follow Them Allcited by 330
  10. 2022ActionFormer: Localizing Moments of Actions with Transformerscited by 308
  11. 2023VTimeLLM: Empower LLM to Grasp Video Momentscited by 253
  12. 2023Valley: Video Assistant with Large Language model Enhanced abilitYcited by 231
20 more
  1. 2022Learning to Answer Questions in Dynamic Audio-Visual Scenarioscited by 188
  2. 2023Macaw-LLM: Multi-Modal Language Modeling with Image, Audio, Video, and Text Integrationcited by 168
  3. 2021End-to-end Temporal Action Detection with Transformercited by 150
  4. 2020Unified Multisensory Perception: Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Video Parsingcited by 146
  5. 2023VALOR: Vision-Audio-Language Omni-Perception Pretraining Model and Datasetcited by 138
  6. 2021End-to-End Dense Video Captioning with Parallel Decodingcited by 133
  7. 2023Caption Anything: Interactive Image Description with Diverse Multimodal Controlscited by 98
  8. 2021Negative Sample Matters: A Renaissance of Metric Learning for Temporal Groundingcited by 90
  9. 2023ChatVideo: A Tracklet-centric Multimodal and Versatile Video Understanding Systemcited by 65
  10. 2021Generic Event Boundary Detection: A Benchmark for Event Segmentationcited by 64
  11. 2024CoCoT: Contrastive Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Models with Multiple Image Inputscited by 56
  12. 2023Pink: Unveiling the Power of Referential Comprehension for Multi-modal LLMscited by 47
  13. 2023Dense-Localizing Audio-Visual Events in Untrimmed Videos: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Baselinecited by 45
  14. 2023Towards Generalisable Video Moment Retrieval: Visual-Dynamic Injection to Image-Text Pre-Trainingcited by 32
  15. 2023Single-Stage Visual Query Localization in Egocentric Videoscited by 20
  16. 2022GEB+: A Benchmark for Generic Event Boundary Captioning, Grounding and Retrievalcited by 19
  17. 2022Multi-modal Segment Assemblage Network for Ad Video Editing with Importance-Coherence Rewardcited by 10
  18. 2023MISAR: A Multimodal Instructional System with Augmented Realitycited by 10
  19. 2023LLMVA-GEBC: Large Language Model with Video Adapter for Generic Event Boundary Captioningcited by 9
  20. 2022Exploiting Context Information for Generic Event Boundary Captioningcited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.

18 papers.

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  1. 2025VITA-1.5: Towards GPT-4o Level Real-Time Vision and Speech Interactioncited by 191
  2. 2024V2Xum-LLM: Cross-Modal Video Summarization with Temporal Prompt Instruction Tuningcited by 45
  3. 2025VERIFY: A Benchmark of Visual Explanation and Reasoning for Investigating Multimodal Reasoning Fidelitycited by 23
  4. 2024KinMo: Kinematic-aware Human Motion Understanding and Generationcited by 21
  5. 2024FINEMATCH: Aspect-based Fine-grained Image and Text Mismatch Detection and Correctioncited by 16
  6. 2025Caption Anything in Video: Fine-grained Object-centric Captioning via Spatiotemporal Multimodal Promptingcited by 9
  7. 2025AVATAR: Reinforcement Learning to See, Hear, and Reason Over Videocited by 9
  8. 2026FutureOmni: Evaluating Future Forecasting from Omni-Modal Context for Multimodal LLMscited by 7
  9. 2024Refine-by-Align: Reference-Guided Artifacts Refinement through Semantic Alignmentcited by 5
  10. 2024FolAI: Synchronized Foley Sound Generation with Semantic and Temporal Alignmentcited by 5
  11. 2025ChronusOmni: Improving Time Awareness of Omni Large Language Modelscited by 5
  12. 2025PreFM: Online Audio-Visual Event Parsing via Predictive Future Modelingcited by 4
6 more
  1. 2025RAVEN: Query-Guided Representation Alignment for Question Answering over Audio, Video, Embedded Sensors, and Natural Languagecited by 3
  2. 2024What do MLLMs hear? Examining reasoning with text and sound components in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
  3. 2025AVFakeBench: A Comprehensive Audio-Video Forgery Detection Benchmark for AV-LMMscited by 1
  4. 2024Exploring the Potential of Multimodal LLM with Knowledge-Intensive Multimodal ASRcited by 0
  5. 2026Crab+: A Scalable and Unified Audio-Visual Scene Understanding Model with Explicit Cooperationcited by 0
  6. 2026Parallelized Autoregressive Decoding for Omni-Modal Dense Video Captioningcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2024From Seconds to Hours: Reviewing MultiModal Large Language Models on Comprehensive Long Video Understanding
  2. 2025Aligned Better, Listen Better for Audio-Visual Large Language Models
  3. 2024Do Language Models Understand Time?
  4. 2024Visual Context Window Extension: A New Perspective for Long Video Understanding
  5. 2025Unleashing Hour-Scale Video Training for Long Video-Language Understanding
  6. 2026Why Is Video Still So Expensive? A Survey of Inference-Efficiency Mechanisms in Video and Audiovisual LLMs
  7. 2025Enhancing Temporal Understanding in Video-LLMs through Stacked Temporal Attention in Vision Encoders
  8. 2024From Image to Video, what do we need in multimodal LLMs?