Creating Suspenseful Stories: Iterative Planning with Large Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Automated story generation has been one of the long-standing challenges in NLP. Among all dimensions of stories, suspense is very common in human-written stories but relatively under-explored in AI-generated stories. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have greatly promoted language generation in general, state-of-the-art LLMs are still unreliable when it comes to suspenseful story generation. We propose a novel iterative-prompting-based planning method that is grounded in two theoretical foundations of story suspense from cognitive psychology and narratology. This theory-grounded method works in a fully zero-shot manner and does not rely on any supervised story corpora. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt at suspenseful story generation with LLMs. Extensive human evaluations of the generated suspenseful stories demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Feb 2024.
Builds on
21 of 49 references.
References · 21
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
- 2018Hierarchical Neural Story Generationcited by 1,182
- 2020Evaluation of Text Generation: A Surveycited by 275
- 2018Plan-And-Write: Towards Better Automatic Storytellingcited by 232
- 2022Re3: Generating Longer Stories With Recursive Reprompting and Revisioncited by 193
- 2019Strategies for Structuring Story Generationcited by 124
- 2020A Knowledge-Enhanced Pretraining Model for Commonsense Story Generationcited by 116
- 2020PlotMachines: Outline-Conditioned Generation with Dynamic Plot State Trackingcited by 104
- 2020Content Planning for Neural Story Generation with Aristotelian Rescoringcited by 92
- 2017Event Representations for Automated Story Generation with Deep Neural Netscited by 62
- 2014Narrative Planning: Balancing Plot and Charactercited by 61
9 more
- 2018Story Ending Generation with Incremental Encoding and Commonsense Knowledgecited by 60
- 2020Automated Storytelling via Causal, Commonsense Plot Orderingcited by 38
- 2020Curious Case of Language Generation Evaluation Metrics: A Cautionary Talecited by 28
- 2021Plug-and-Blend: A Framework for Controllable Story Generation with Blended Control Codescited by 19
- 2022Go Back in Time: Generating Flashbacks in Stories with Event Temporal Promptscited by 15
- 2020Modelling Suspense in Short Stories as Uncertainty Reduction over Neural Representationcited by 13
- 2021Guiding Neural Story Generation with Reader Modelscited by 12
- 2017DeepTinglecited by 11
- 2023Towards a Computational Analysis of Suspense: Detecting Dangerous Situationscited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 10; 2026: 6.
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- 2024HelloBench: Evaluating Long Text Generation Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 42
- 2024DataNarrative: Automated Data-Driven Storytelling with Visualizations and Textscited by 25
- 2025StoryWriter: A Multi-Agent Framework for Long Story Generationcited by 19
- 2024Presentations are not always linear! GNN meets LLM for Document-to-Presentation Transformation with Attributioncited by 10
- 2024Can LLMs "Reason" in Music? An Evaluation of LLMs' Capability of Music Understanding and Generationcited by 7
- 2025Toyteller: AI-powered Visual Storytelling Through Toy-Playing with Character Symbolscited by 6
- 2024LCFO: Long Context and Long Form Output Dataset and Benchmarkingcited by 4
- 2025Characterizing the Investigative Methods of Fictional Detectives with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Style over Story: Measuring LLM Narrative Preferences via Structured Selectioncited by 2
- 2024Multigenre AI-powered Story Compositioncited by 1
- 2025Long Story Generation via Knowledge Graph and Literary Theorycited by 1
- 2025Do Language Models Agree with Human Perceptions of Suspense in Stories?cited by 1
10 more
- 2025Multi-Agent Multimodal Large Language Model Framework for Automated Interpretation of Fuel Efficiency Analytics in Public Transportationcited by 1
- 2025Lightweight Latent Reasoning for Narrative Taskscited by 1
- 2026Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytellingcited by 1
- 2026DATAREEL: Automated Data-Driven Video Story Generation with Animationscited by 1
- 2025The Challenge and Reward of Fair Play in Narrative: A Computational Approachcited by 0
- 2025Telling Speculative Stories to Help Humans Imagine the Harms of Healthcare AIcited by 0
- 2026Design Techniques for LLM-Powered Interactive Storytelling: A Case Study of the Dramamancer Systemcited by 0
- 2026NARRA-Gym for Evaluating Interactive Narrative Agentscited by 0
- 2026Controllable Narrative Rendering for Enhanced Assisted Writingcited by 0
- 2026Scaling Long-Form Story Generation via Narrative State Trackingcited by 0
- 2026Scaling Long-Form Story Generation via Narrative State Tracking28 Sep 2026
- 2026NARRA-Gym for Evaluating Interactive Narrative Agents8 May 2026
- 2026Controllable Narrative Rendering for Enhanced Assisted Writing5 May 2026
- 2026DATAREEL: Automated Data-Driven Video Story Generation with Animations28 Apr 2026
- 2026Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytelling10 Apr 2026
- 2026Design Techniques for LLM-Powered Interactive Storytelling: A Case Study of the Dramamancer System26 Jan 2026
- 2025Lightweight Latent Reasoning for Narrative Tasks1 Dec 2025
- 2025Multi-Agent Multimodal Large Language Model Framework for Automated Interpretation of Fuel Efficiency Analytics in Public Transportation17 Nov 2025
- 2025Telling Speculative Stories to Help Humans Imagine the Harms of Healthcare AI16 Oct 2025
- 2025Style over Story: Measuring LLM Narrative Preferences via Structured Selection2 Oct 2025
- 2025Do Language Models Agree with Human Perceptions of Suspense in Stories?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Long Story Generation via Knowledge Graph and Literary Theory5 Aug 2025
10 more
- 2025The Challenge and Reward of Fair Play in Narrative: A Computational Approach18 Jul 2025
- 2025StoryWriter: A Multi-Agent Framework for Long Story Generation19 Jun 2025
- 2025Characterizing the Investigative Methods of Fictional Detectives with Large Language Models12 May 2025
- 2025Toyteller: AI-powered Visual Storytelling Through Toy-Playing with Character Symbols23 Jan 2025
- 2024LCFO: Long Context and Long Form Output Dataset and Benchmarking11 Dec 2024
- 2024HelloBench: Evaluating Long Text Generation Capabilities of Large Language Models24 Sep 2024
- 2024DataNarrative: Automated Data-Driven Storytelling with Visualizations and Texts9 Aug 2024
- 2024Can LLMs "Reason" in Music? An Evaluation of LLMs' Capability of Music Understanding and Generation31 Jul 2024
- 2024Presentations are not always linear! GNN meets LLM for Document-to-Presentation Transformation with Attribution21 May 2024
- 2024Multigenre AI-powered Story Composition6 May 2024
- 2024HelloBench: Evaluating Long Text Generation Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 42
- 2024Presentations are not always linear! GNN meets LLM for Document-to-Presentation Transformation with Attributioncited by 10
- 2025Toyteller: AI-powered Visual Storytelling Through Toy-Playing with Character Symbolscited by 6
- 2024LCFO: Long Context and Long Form Output Dataset and Benchmarkingcited by 4
- 2025Characterizing the Investigative Methods of Fictional Detectives with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Style over Story: Measuring LLM Narrative Preferences via Structured Selectioncited by 2
- 2024Multigenre AI-powered Story Compositioncited by 1
- 2025Long Story Generation via Knowledge Graph and Literary Theorycited by 1
- 2025Do Language Models Agree with Human Perceptions of Suspense in Stories?cited by 1
- 2026Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytellingcited by 1
- 2026DATAREEL: Automated Data-Driven Video Story Generation with Animationscited by 1
- 2025The Challenge and Reward of Fair Play in Narrative: A Computational Approachcited by 0
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Scaling Long-Form Story Generation via Narrative State Tracking28 Sep 2026
- 2026Controllable Narrative Rendering for Enhanced Assisted Writing5 May 2026
- 2026DATAREEL: Automated Data-Driven Video Story Generation with Animations28 Apr 2026
- 2026Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytelling10 Apr 2026
- 2026Design Techniques for LLM-Powered Interactive Storytelling: A Case Study of the Dramamancer System26 Jan 2026
- 2025Telling Speculative Stories to Help Humans Imagine the Harms of Healthcare AI16 Oct 2025
- 2025Style over Story: Measuring LLM Narrative Preferences via Structured Selection2 Oct 2025
- 2025Do Language Models Agree with Human Perceptions of Suspense in Stories?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Long Story Generation via Knowledge Graph and Literary Theory5 Aug 2025
- 2025The Challenge and Reward of Fair Play in Narrative: A Computational Approach18 Jul 2025
- 2025Characterizing the Investigative Methods of Fictional Detectives with Large Language Models12 May 2025
- 2025Toyteller: AI-powered Visual Storytelling Through Toy-Playing with Character Symbols23 Jan 2025
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)