mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

TEXT2AFFORD: Probing Object Affordance Prediction abilities of Language Models solely from Text

arXiv 2402.12881 ↗First posted 20 Feb 2024cs.CLcited by 3

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

We investigate the knowledge of object affordances in pre-trained language models (LMs) and pre-trained Vision-Language models (VLMs). A growing body of literature shows that PTLMs fail inconsistently and non-intuitively, demonstrating a lack of reasoning and grounding. To take a first step toward quantifying the effect of grounding (or lack thereof), we curate a novel and comprehensive dataset of object affordances -- Text2Afford, characterized by 15 affordance classes. Unlike affordance datasets collected in vision and language domains, we annotate in-the-wild sentences with objects and affordances. Experimental results reveal that PTLMs exhibit limited reasoning abilities when it comes to uncommon object affordances. We also observe that pre-trained VLMs do not necessarily capture object affordances effectively. Through few-shot fine-tuning, we demonstrate improvement in affordance knowledge in PTLMs and VLMs. Our research contributes a novel dataset for language grounding tasks, and presents insights into LM capabilities, advancing the understanding of object affordances. Codes and data are available at https://github.com/sayantan11995/Text2Afford

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 26 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Feb 2024.

Builds on

26 of 44 references.

References · 26

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  3. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
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  12. 2018SWAG: A Large-Scale Adversarial Dataset for Grounded Commonsense Inferencecited by 333
14 more
  1. 2023OBELICS: An Open Web-Scale Filtered Dataset of Interleaved Image-Text Documentscited by 316
  2. 2019Abductive Commonsense Reasoningcited by 301
  3. 2019Cosmos QA: Machine Reading Comprehension with Contextual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 285
  4. 2020Retrieve, Program, Repeat: Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering via Alternate Meta-learningcited by 216
  5. 2019Probing Neural Network Comprehension of Natural Language Argumentscited by 214
  6. 2019oLMpics -- On what Language Model Pre-training Capturescited by 161
  7. 2022CommonsenseQA 2.0: Exposing the Limits of AI through Gamificationcited by 109
  8. 2021PROST: Physical Reasoning of Objects through Space and Timecited by 48
  9. 2022Things not Written in Text: Exploring Spatial Commonsense from Visual Signalscited by 41
  10. 2021COM2SENSE: A Commonsense Reasoning Benchmark with Complementary Sentencescited by 40
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  14. 2022PInKS: Preconditioned Commonsense Inference with Minimal Supervisioncited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Affordance Benchmark for MLLMs
  2. 2024AffordanceLLM: Grounding Affordance from Vision Language Models
  3. 2024WorldAfford: Affordance Grounding based on Natural Language Instructions
  4. 2026Context-Dependent Affordance Reports in Vision-Language Models
  5. 2026AFFORDANCE20Q: Evaluating Affordance Reasoning from Physical Properties
  6. 2026The Limits of Learning from Pictures and Text: Vision-Language Models and Embodied Scene Understanding
  7. 2023One-Shot Open Affordance Learning with Foundation Models
  8. 2026Grounding by Remembering: Cross-Scene and In-Scene Memory for 3D Functional Affordances