Trinity: Syncretizing Multi-/Long-tail/Long-term Interests All in One
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Abstract (arXiv)
Interest modeling in recommender system has been a constant topic for improving user experience, and typical interest modeling tasks (e.g. multi-interest, long-tail interest and long-term interest) have been investigated in many existing works. However, most of them only consider one interest in isolation, while neglecting their interrelationships. In this paper, we argue that these tasks suffer from a common "interest amnesia" problem, and a solution exists to mitigate it simultaneously. We figure that long-term cues can be the cornerstone since they reveal multi-interest and clarify long-tail interest. Inspired by the observation, we propose a novel and unified framework in the retrieval stage, "Trinity", to solve interest amnesia problem and improve multiple interest modeling tasks. We construct a real-time clustering system that enables us to project items into enumerable clusters, and calculate statistical interest histograms over these clusters. Based on these histograms, Trinity recognizes underdelivered themes and remains stable when facing emerging hot topics. Trinity is more appropriate for large-scale industry scenarios because of its modest computational overheads. Its derived retrievers have been deployed on the recommender system of Douyin, significantly improving user experience and retention. We believe that such practical experience can be well generalized to other scenarios.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Feb 2024.
Builds on
11 of 19 references.
References · 11
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
- 2020Search-based User Interest Modeling with Lifelong Sequential Behavior Data for Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 177
- 2019Practice on Long Sequential User Behavior Modeling for Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 118
- 2019Multi-Interest Network with Dynamic Routing for Recommendation at Tmallcited by 114
- 2020Controllable Multi-Interest Framework for Recommendationcited by 93
- 2021Sparse-Interest Network for Sequential Recommendationcited by 38
- 2021Learning Discrete Representations via Constrained Clustering for Effective and Efficient Dense Retrievalcited by 27
- 2021Dynamic Memory based Attention Network for Sequential Recommendationcited by 16
- 2023Rethinking Multi-Interest Learning for Candidate Matching in Recommender Systemscited by 11
- 2019Harnessing GANs for Zero-shot Learning of New Classes in Visual Speech Recognitioncited by 5
- 2021Mixture of Virtual-Kernel Experts for Multi-Objective User Profile Modelingcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2024HoME: Hierarchy of Multi-Gate Experts for Multi-Task Learning at Kuaishoucited by 16
- 2025TransAct V2: Lifelong User Action Sequence Modeling on Pinterest Recommendationcited by 9
- 2025PERSCEN: Learning Personalized Interaction Pattern and Scenario Preference for Multi-Scenario Matchingcited by 2
- 2026UniGRec: Unified Generative Recommendation with Soft Identifiers for End-to-End Optimizationcited by 1
- 2025SPARC: Soft Probabilistic Adaptive multi-interest Retrieval Model via Codebooks for recommender systemcited by 0
- 2026Rethinking ANN-based Retrieval: Multifaceted Learnable Index for Large-scale Recommendation Systemcited by 0
- 2026Real-Time Hard Negative Sampling via LLM-based Clustering for Large-Scale Two-Tower Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026Real-Time Hard Negative Sampling via LLM-based Clustering for Large-Scale Two-Tower Retrieval1 Jul 2026
- 2026Rethinking ANN-based Retrieval: Multifaceted Learnable Index for Large-scale Recommendation System18 Feb 2026
- 2026UniGRec: Unified Generative Recommendation with Soft Identifiers for End-to-End Optimization24 Jan 2026
- 2025SPARC: Soft Probabilistic Adaptive multi-interest Retrieval Model via Codebooks for recommender system12 Aug 2025
- 2025PERSCEN: Learning Personalized Interaction Pattern and Scenario Preference for Multi-Scenario Matching23 Jun 2025
- 2025TransAct V2: Lifelong User Action Sequence Modeling on Pinterest Recommendation2 Jun 2025
- 2024HoME: Hierarchy of Multi-Gate Experts for Multi-Task Learning at Kuaishou10 Aug 2024