Practice on Long Sequential User Behavior Modeling for Click-Through Rate Prediction
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Abstract (arXiv)
Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is critical for industrial applications such as recommender system and online advertising. Practically, it plays an important role for CTR modeling in these applications by mining user interest from rich historical behavior data. Driven by the development of deep learning, deep CTR models with ingeniously designed architecture for user interest modeling have been proposed, bringing remarkable improvement of model performance over offline metric.However, great efforts are needed to deploy these complex models to online serving system for realtime inference, facing massive traffic request. Things turn to be more difficult when it comes to long sequential user behavior data, as the system latency and storage cost increase approximately linearly with the length of user behavior sequence. In this paper, we face directly the challenge of long sequential user behavior modeling and introduce our hands-on practice with the co-design of machine learning algorithm and online serving system for CTR prediction task. Theoretically, the co-design solution of UIC and MIMN enables us to handle the user interest modeling with unlimited length of sequential behavior data. Comparison between model performance and system efficiency proves the effectiveness of proposed solution. To our knowledge, this is one of the first industrial solutions that are capable of handling long sequential user behavior data with length scaling up to thousands. It now has been deployed in the display advertising system in Alibaba.
Key facts. Cited by 118 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 May 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 19; 2022: 22; 2023: 22; 2024: 18; 2025: 20; 2026: 16.
118 papers.
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- 2021One Model to Serve All: Star Topology Adaptive Recommender for Multi-Domain CTR Predictioncited by 78
- 2023ReLLa: Retrieval-enhanced Large Language Models for Lifelong Sequential Behavior Comprehension in Recommendationcited by 76
- 2022PinnerFormer: Sequence Modeling for User Representation at Pinterestcited by 57
- 2021End-to-End User Behavior Retrieval in Click-Through RatePrediction Modelcited by 45
- 2021Deep Learning for Click-Through Rate Estimationcited by 33
- 2025PersonaX: A Recommendation Agent Oriented User Modeling Framework for Long Behavior Sequencecited by 33
- 2022Click-Through Rate Prediction in Online Advertising: A Literature Reviewcited by 31
- 2024TWIN V2: Scaling Ultra-Long User Behavior Sequence Modeling for Enhanced CTR Prediction at Kuaishoucited by 30
- 2023Information Retrieval Meets Large Language Models: A Strategic Report from Chinese IR Communitycited by 29
- 2023A Survey on User Behavior Modeling in Recommender Systemscited by 26
- 2022Sampling Is All You Need on Modeling Long-Term User Behaviors for CTR Predictioncited by 24
- 2023Large Language Models for User Interest Journeyscited by 24
38 more
- 2024Breaking the Length Barrier: LLM-Enhanced CTR Prediction in Long Textual User Behaviorscited by 23
- 2022Multi-Task Fusion via Reinforcement Learning for Long-Term User Satisfaction in Recommender Systemscited by 22
- 2021Hierarchically Modeling Micro and Macro Behaviors via Multi-Task Learning for Conversion Rate Predictioncited by 21
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- 2021User Response Prediction in Online Advertisingcited by 15
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- 2023Text Matching Improves Sequential Recommendation by Reducing Popularity Biasescited by 10
- 2022Deep Interest Highlight Network for Click-Through Rate Prediction in Trigger-Induced Recommendationcited by 9
- 2022RecD: Deduplication for End-to-End Deep Learning Recommendation Model Training Infrastructurecited by 9
- 2023Temporal Interest Network for User Response Predictioncited by 9
- 2021Efficient Dynamic Graph Representation Learning at Scalecited by 8
- 2022Deep Page-Level Interest Network in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocationcited by 8
- 2025DV365: Extremely Long User History Modeling at Instagramcited by 8
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- 2020Adversarial Mixture Of Experts with Category Hierarchy Soft Constraintcited by 6
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- 2021Learning to Rehearse in Long Sequence Memorizationcited by 6
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- 2021Differentiable NAS Framework and Application to Ads CTR Predictioncited by 6
- 2025MUSE: A Simple Yet Effective Multimodal Search-Based Framework for Lifelong User Interest Modelingcited by 6
- 2021Learning Dual Dynamic Representations on Time-Sliced User-Item Interaction Graphs for Sequential Recommendationcited by 5
- 2025KuaiLive: A Real-time Interactive Dataset for Live Streaming Recommendationcited by 5
- 2025Request-Only Optimization for Recommendation Systemscited by 5
- 2021Adversarial Gradient Driven Exploration for Deep Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 4
- 2022What is Next when Sequential Prediction Meets Implicitly Hard Interaction?cited by 4
- 2022GIFT: Graph-guIded Feature Transfer for Cold-Start Video Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 4
- 2022Long Short-Term Preference Modeling for Continuous-Time Sequential Recommendationcited by 4
- 2023FlexShard: Flexible Sharding for Industry-Scale Sequence Recommendation Modelscited by 4
50 most cited of 118 All 118 (JSON)
- 2026DP-Rec: Towards Dynamic Patching for Efficient Long-Sequence Recommendation26 Sep 2026
- 2026LIGE-GR: A Smooth Leap from Ranking to Generative Recommendation in the LLM Era16 Sep 2026
- 2026SequenceO1: End-to-End Ultra-Long (100K) Sequence Modeling in Recommendation with Low-Rank Caching8 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards a Densing Law for User Representation Learning at Billion-Scale Capacity24 Aug 2026
- 2026SlimPer: Make Personalization Model Slim and Smart14 Jul 2026
- 2026PraMem: Practice-derived Experiential Memory for Long-horizon Behavior Prediction3 Jul 2026
- 2026SinkRec: Mitigating Semantic State Sink in Long Sequence Recommendation with Memory-Conditioned Gated Delta Networks3 Jun 2026
- 2026Generative Long-term User Interest Modeling for Click-Through Rate Prediction15 May 2026
- 2026UxSID: Semantic-Aware User Interests Modeling for Ultra-Long Sequence9 May 2026
- 2026Modeling Behavioral Intensity and Transitions for Generative Recommendation27 Apr 2026
- 2026TME-PSR: Time-aware, Multi-interest, and Explanation Personalization for Sequential Recommendation10 Apr 2026
- 2026Long-Term Embeddings for Balanced Personalization9 Apr 2026
38 more
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- 2026Multi-Probe Zero Collision Hash (MPZCH): Mitigating Embedding Collisions and Enhancing Model Freshness in Large-Scale Recommenders19 Feb 2026
- 2026GRAB: An LLM-Inspired Sequence-First Click-Through Rate Prediction Modeling Paradigm2 Feb 2026
- 2026MALLOC: Benchmarking the Memory-aware Long Sequence Compression for Large Sequential Recommendation28 Jan 2026
- 2025MUSE: A Simple Yet Effective Multimodal Search-Based Framework for Lifelong User Interest Modeling8 Dec 2025
- 2025FinTRec: Transformer Based Unified Contextual Ads Targeting and Personalization for Financial Applications18 Nov 2025
- 2025Disentangled Interest Network for Out-of-Distribution CTR Prediction14 Nov 2025
- 2025Time Matters: A Novel Real-Time Long- and Short-term User Interest Model for Click-Through Rate Prediction9 Nov 2025
- 2025Taming the One-Epoch Phenomenon in Online Recommendation System by Two-stage Contrastive ID Pre-training26 Aug 2025
- 2025Large Foundation Model for Ads Recommendation20 Aug 2025
- 2025MISS: Multi-Modal Tree Indexing and Searching with Lifelong Sequential Behavior for Retrieval Recommendation20 Aug 2025
- 2025KuaiLive: A Real-time Interactive Dataset for Live Streaming Recommendation7 Aug 2025
- 2025Realizing Scaling Laws in Recommender Systems: A Foundation-Expert Paradigm for Hyperscale Model Deployment4 Aug 2025
- 2025Request-Only Optimization for Recommendation Systems24 Jul 2025
- 2025IP-Dialog: Evaluating Implicit Personalization in Dialogue Systems with Synthetic Data3 Jun 2025
- 2025DV365: Extremely Long User History Modeling at Instagram31 May 2025
- 2025MCFNet: A Multimodal Collaborative Fusion Network for Fine-Grained Semantic Classification29 May 2025
- 2025Bootstrapping your behavior: a new pretraining strategy for user behavior sequence data22 May 2025
- 2025Action is All You Need: Dual-Flow Generative Ranking Network for Recommendation22 May 2025
- 2025Feature Staleness Aware Incremental Learning for CTR Prediction29 Apr 2025
- 2025On the Practice of Deep Hierarchical Ensemble Network for Ad Conversion Rate Prediction10 Apr 2025
- 2025PersonaX: A Recommendation Agent Oriented User Modeling Framework for Long Behavior Sequence4 Mar 2025
- 2025SessionRec: Next Session Prediction Paradigm For Generative Sequential Recommendation14 Feb 2025
- 2025Full-Stack Optimized Large Language Models for Lifelong Sequential Behavior Comprehension in Recommendation23 Jan 2025
- 2024A Centralized-Distributed Transfer Model for Cross-Domain Recommendation Based on Multi-Source Heterogeneous Transfer Learning14 Nov 2024
- 2024Incorporating Group Prior into Variational Inference for Tail-User Behavior Modeling in CTR Prediction19 Oct 2024
- 2024ERCache: An Efficient and Reliable Caching Framework for Large-Scale User Representations in Meta's Ads System9 Oct 2024
- 2024Lifelong Personalized Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models for Recommendation7 Aug 2024
- 2024EXIT: An EXplicit Interest Transfer Framework for Cross-Domain Recommendation29 Jul 2024
- 2024TWIN V2: Scaling Ultra-Long User Behavior Sequence Modeling for Enhanced CTR Prediction at Kuaishou23 Jul 2024
- 2024Multi-Epoch learning with Data Augmentation for Deep Click-Through Rate Prediction27 Jun 2024
- 2024Light-weight End-to-End Graph Interest Network for CTR Prediction in E-commerce Search25 Jun 2024
- 2024Async Learned User Embeddings for Ads Delivery Optimization9 Jun 2024
- 2024FINED: Feed Instance-Wise Information Need with Essential and Disentangled Parametric Knowledge from the Past20 May 2024
- 2024DisCo: Towards Harmonious Disentanglement and Collaboration between Tabular and Semantic Space for Recommendation20 May 2024
- 2024Optimizing E-commerce Search: Toward a Generalizable and Rank-Consistent Pre-Ranking Model9 May 2024
- 2024Retrieval-Oriented Knowledge for Click-Through Rate Prediction28 Apr 2024
- 2024Retrieval and Distill: A Temporal Data Shift-Free Paradigm for Online Recommendation System24 Apr 2024
50 newest of 118 All 118 (JSON)
- 2021One Model to Serve All: Star Topology Adaptive Recommender for Multi-Domain CTR Predictioncited by 78
- 2023ReLLa: Retrieval-enhanced Large Language Models for Lifelong Sequential Behavior Comprehension in Recommendationcited by 76
- 2022PinnerFormer: Sequence Modeling for User Representation at Pinterestcited by 57
- 2021End-to-End User Behavior Retrieval in Click-Through RatePrediction Modelcited by 45
- 2021Deep Learning for Click-Through Rate Estimationcited by 33
- 2022Click-Through Rate Prediction in Online Advertising: A Literature Reviewcited by 31
- 2024TWIN V2: Scaling Ultra-Long User Behavior Sequence Modeling for Enhanced CTR Prediction at Kuaishoucited by 30
- 2023Information Retrieval Meets Large Language Models: A Strategic Report from Chinese IR Communitycited by 29
- 2023A Survey on User Behavior Modeling in Recommender Systemscited by 26
- 2022Sampling Is All You Need on Modeling Long-Term User Behaviors for CTR Predictioncited by 24
- 2023Large Language Models for User Interest Journeyscited by 24
- 2024Breaking the Length Barrier: LLM-Enhanced CTR Prediction in Long Textual User Behaviorscited by 23
12 most cited of 113 All 113 (JSON)
- 2026DP-Rec: Towards Dynamic Patching for Efficient Long-Sequence Recommendation26 Sep 2026
- 2026LIGE-GR: A Smooth Leap from Ranking to Generative Recommendation in the LLM Era16 Sep 2026
- 2026SequenceO1: End-to-End Ultra-Long (100K) Sequence Modeling in Recommendation with Low-Rank Caching8 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards a Densing Law for User Representation Learning at Billion-Scale Capacity24 Aug 2026
- 2026SlimPer: Make Personalization Model Slim and Smart14 Jul 2026
- 2026PraMem: Practice-derived Experiential Memory for Long-horizon Behavior Prediction3 Jul 2026
- 2026SinkRec: Mitigating Semantic State Sink in Long Sequence Recommendation with Memory-Conditioned Gated Delta Networks3 Jun 2026
- 2026Generative Long-term User Interest Modeling for Click-Through Rate Prediction15 May 2026
- 2026UxSID: Semantic-Aware User Interests Modeling for Ultra-Long Sequence9 May 2026
- 2026Modeling Behavioral Intensity and Transitions for Generative Recommendation27 Apr 2026
- 2026TME-PSR: Time-aware, Multi-interest, and Explanation Personalization for Sequential Recommendation10 Apr 2026
- 2026Long-Term Embeddings for Balanced Personalization9 Apr 2026
12 newest of 113 All 113 (JSON)