mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LLMs Simulate Big Five Personality Traits: Further Evidence

arXiv 2402.01765 ↗First posted 31 Jan 2024cs.CL cs.AIcited by 21

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Abstract (arXiv)

An empirical investigation into the simulation of the Big Five personality traits by large language models (LLMs), namely Llama2, GPT4, and Mixtral, is presented. We analyze the personality traits simulated by these models and their stability. This contributes to the broader understanding of the capabilities of LLMs to simulate personality traits and the respective implications for personalized human-computer interaction.

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 3 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jan 2024.

Builds on

3 of 17 references.

References · 3

  1. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  2. 2023LaMP: When Large Language Models Meet Personalizationcited by 425
  3. 2023LLM-based Medical Assistant Personalization with Short- and Long-Term Memory Coordinationcited by 46

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 12; 2026: 8.

21 papers.

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  1. 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalizationcited by 203
  2. 2025MALLM: Multi-Agent Large Language Models Frameworkcited by 15
  3. 2025Exploring the Impact of Personality Traits on LLM Bias and Toxicitycited by 14
  4. 2025Humanizing LLMs: A Survey of Psychological Measurements with Tools, Datasets, and Human-Agent Applicationscited by 10
  5. 2025Bullying the Machine: How Personas Increase LLM Vulnerabilitycited by 8
  6. 2025How Does Cognitive Bias Affect Large Language Models? A Case Study on the Anchoring Effect in Price Negotiation Simulationscited by 7
  7. 2025A Review of Incorporating Psychological Theories in LLMscited by 5
  8. 2025PersonaFuse: A Personality Activation-Driven Framework for Enhancing Human-LLM Interactionscited by 5
  9. 2026PTCBENCH: Benchmarking Contextual Stability of Personality Traits in LLM Systemscited by 4
  10. 2025Evaluating LLM Safety Across Child Development Stages: A Simulated Agent Approachcited by 3
  11. 2025Profile-LLM: Dynamic Profile Optimization for Realistic Personality Expression in LLMscited by 2
  12. 2025Mitigating the Threshold Priming Effect in Large Language Model-Based Relevance Judgments via Personality Infusingcited by 2
9 more
  1. 2026Stories of Your Life as Others: A Round-Trip Evaluation of LLM-Generated Life Stories Conditioned on Rich Psychometric Profilescited by 2
  2. 2026Judging with Personality and Confidence: A Study on Personality-Conditioned LLM Relevance Assessmentcited by 1
  3. 2026Interview-Informed Generative Agents for Product Discovery: A Validation Studycited by 1
  4. 2025Smotrom tvoja pa ander drogoj verden! Resurrecting Dead Pidgin with Generative Models: Russenorsk Case Studycited by 0
  5. 2025The Narcissus Hypothesis: Descending to the Rung of Illusioncited by 0
  6. 2026The Company You Keep: How LLMs Respond to Dark Triad Traitscited by 0
  7. 2026Psychological Concept Neurons: Can Neural Control Bias Probing and Shift Generation in LLMs?cited by 0
  8. 2026Persona Conditioning as an Assessor-Sensitivity Probe for LLM-Based IR Evaluationcited by 0
  9. 2026Emotional Labor Strategy Preferences in LLM Personascited by 0