ED-TTS: Multi-Scale Emotion Modeling using Cross-Domain Emotion Diarization for Emotional Speech Synthesis
On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing emotional speech synthesis methods often utilize an utterance-level style embedding extracted from reference audio, neglecting the inherent multi-scale property of speech prosody. We introduce ED-TTS, a multi-scale emotional speech synthesis model that leverages Speech Emotion Diarization (SED) and Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) to model emotions at different levels. Specifically, our proposed approach integrates the utterance-level emotion embedding extracted by SER with fine-grained frame-level emotion embedding obtained from SED. These embeddings are used to condition the reverse process of the denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM). Additionally, we employ cross-domain SED to accurately predict soft labels, addressing the challenge of a scarcity of fine-grained emotion-annotated datasets for supervising emotional TTS training.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 15 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2024.
Builds on
15 of 24 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2023EmoMix: Emotion Mixing via Diffusion Models for Emotional Speech Synthesis1 Jun
- 2021Grad-TTS: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Text-to-Speech13 May
Other references · 13
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,609
- 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,139
- 2017Generalized End-to-End Loss for Speaker Verificationcited by 290
- 2020Seen and Unseen emotional style transfer for voice conversion with a new emotional speech datasetcited by 119
- 2018The Emotional Voices Database: Towards Controlling the Emotion Dimension in Voice Generation Systemscited by 61
- 2022EmoDiff: Intensity Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speech with Soft-Label Guidancecited by 37
- 2020Emotion controllable speech synthesis using emotion-unlabeled dataset with the assistance of cross-domain speech emotion recognitioncited by 19
- 2021Fine-grained style control in Transformer-based Text-to-speech Synthesiscited by 15
- 2023Speech Emotion Diarization: Which Emotion Appears When?cited by 13
1 more
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.
9 papers.
- 2025EmoVoice: LLM-based Emotional Text-To-Speech Model with Freestyle Text Promptingcited by 33
- 2024Laugh Now Cry Later: Controlling Time-Varying Emotional States of Flow-Matching-Based Zero-Shot Text-to-Speechcited by 19
- 2025CapSpeech: Enabling Downstream Applications in Style-Captioned Text-to-Speechcited by 11
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technologycited by 7
- 2026CoCoEmo: Composable and Controllable Human-Like Emotional TTS via Activation Steeringcited by 7
- 2025Can Emotion Fool Anti-spoofing?cited by 4
- 2025MIKU-PAL: An Automated and Standardized Multi-Modal Method for Speech Paralinguistic and Affect Labelingcited by 3
- 2025Optimizing Multilingual Text-To-Speech with Accents & Emotionscited by 0
- 2025Seeing is Believing: Emotion-Aware Audio-Visual Language Modeling for Expressive Speech Generationcited by 0
- 2026CoCoEmo: Composable and Controllable Human-Like Emotional TTS via Activation Steering3 Feb 2026
- 2025Seeing is Believing: Emotion-Aware Audio-Visual Language Modeling for Expressive Speech Generation22 Aug 2025
- 2025Optimizing Multilingual Text-To-Speech with Accents & Emotions19 Jun 2025
- 2025CapSpeech: Enabling Downstream Applications in Style-Captioned Text-to-Speech3 Jun 2025
- 2025Can Emotion Fool Anti-spoofing?29 May 2025
- 2025MIKU-PAL: An Automated and Standardized Multi-Modal Method for Speech Paralinguistic and Affect Labeling21 May 2025
- 2025EmoVoice: LLM-based Emotional Text-To-Speech Model with Freestyle Text Prompting17 Apr 2025
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technology10 Dec 2024
- 2024Laugh Now Cry Later: Controlling Time-Varying Emotional States of Flow-Matching-Based Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech17 Jul 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Hierarchical Control of Emotion Rendering in Speech Synthesis
- 2025EmoSteer-TTS: Fine-Grained and Training-Free Emotion-Controllable Text-to-Speech via Activation Steering
- 2023EMOCONV-DIFF: Diffusion-based Speech Emotion Conversion for Non-parallel and In-the-wild Data
- 2026Acoustic and Semantic Modeling of Emotion in Spoken Language ↗
- 2025Emotion-Aligned Generation in Diffusion Text to Speech Models via Preference-Guided Optimization
- 2026SEDTalker: Emotion-Aware 3D Facial Animation Using Frame-Level Speech Emotion Diarization
- 2024Enhancing Emotional Text-to-Speech Controllability with Natural Language Guidance through Contrastive Learning and Diffusion Models
- 2023ZET-Speech: Zero-shot adaptive Emotion-controllable Text-to-Speech Synthesis with Diffusion and Style-based Models