An Adaptive Placement and Parallelism Framework for Accelerating RLHF Training
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, ChatGPT or InstructGPT like large language models (LLM) has made a significant impact in the AI world. Many works have attempted to reproduce the complex InstructGPT's training pipeline, namely Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). However, the mainstream distributed RLHF training methods typically adopt a fixed model placement strategy, referred to as the Co-located strategy. This strategy treats all four interdependent models involved in RLHF as a single entity, distributing them across all devices and applying parallelism techniques designed for a single model, regardless of the workload heterogeneity inherent to each model. As a result, this strategy exacerbates the generation bottlenecks in the RLHF training and degrades the overall training efficiency. To address these issues, we propose a flexible model placement framework that offers two general and agile model placement strategies. The Interleaving strategy helps reduce memory redundancy and communication costs of RLHF training by placing models without dependencies on exclusive devices with careful orchestration. On the other hand, the Disaggregated strategy improves the throughput of model training by separating the training and inference runtime of the RLHF pipeline with additional shadow models. Furthermore, our framework provides a simple user interface and guidelines to easily and flexibly configure these strategies in various training scenarios. Our experiments have shown that our strategy can achieve notable improvements up to 11x, compared to the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches. The results highlight the effectiveness and adaptability of our methods in accelerating the training of distributed RLHF.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 34 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Dec 2023.
Builds on
34 of 50 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
- 2023DeepSpeed-Chat: Easy, Fast and Affordable RLHF Training of ChatGPT-like Models at All Scales2 Aug
Other references · 33
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
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- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
- 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,747
- 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
- 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,211
- 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
- 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,218
21 more
- 2019Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelismcited by 1,829
- 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,026
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- 2016Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Costcited by 825
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- 2020HetSeq: Distributed GPU Training on Heterogeneous Infrastructurecited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.
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- 2025Cosmos-Reason1: From Physical Common Sense To Embodied Reasoningcited by 159
- 2025LlamaRL: A Distributed Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for Efficient Large-scale LLM Trainingcited by 37
- 2025Laminar: A Scalable Asynchronous RL Post-Training Frameworkcited by 35
- 2024ReaL: Efficient RLHF Training of Large Language Models with Parameter Reallocationcited by 34
- 2025Introducing LongCat-Flash-Thinking: A Technical Reportcited by 21
- 2026DORA: A Scalable Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning System for Language Model Trainingcited by 13
- 2025Taming the Long-Tail: Efficient Reasoning RL Training with Adaptive Draftercited by 12
- 2025RLHFSpec: Breaking the Efficiency Bottleneck in RLHF Training via Adaptive Draftingcited by 4
- 2025WeChat-YATT: A Scalable, Simple, Efficient, and Production Ready Training Librarycited by 2
- 2024AntDT: A Self-Adaptive Distributed Training Framework for Leader and Straggler Nodescited by 1
- 2024Understanding and Alleviating Memory Consumption in RLHF for LLMscited by 1
- 2025G-Core: A Simple, Scalable and Balanced RLHF Trainercited by 1
- 2026How Fast Can Reward Models Score? A Systems Study of C++ and PyTorch Inference Runtimes for RLHF22 Jul 2026
- 2026DORA: A Scalable Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning System for Language Model Training29 Apr 2026
- 2025RLHFSpec: Breaking the Efficiency Bottleneck in RLHF Training via Adaptive Drafting4 Dec 2025
- 2025Taming the Long-Tail: Efficient Reasoning RL Training with Adaptive Drafter20 Nov 2025
- 2025Laminar: A Scalable Asynchronous RL Post-Training Framework14 Oct 2025
- 2025Introducing LongCat-Flash-Thinking: A Technical Report23 Sep 2025
- 2025WeChat-YATT: A Scalable, Simple, Efficient, and Production Ready Training Library11 Aug 2025
- 2025G-Core: A Simple, Scalable and Balanced RLHF Trainer30 Jul 2025
- 2025LlamaRL: A Distributed Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for Efficient Large-scale LLM Training29 May 2025
- 2025Cosmos-Reason1: From Physical Common Sense To Embodied Reasoning18 Mar 2025
- 2024Understanding and Alleviating Memory Consumption in RLHF for LLMs21 Oct 2024
- 2024ReaL: Efficient RLHF Training of Large Language Models with Parameter Reallocation20 Jun 2024
1 more
- 2024ReaL: Efficient RLHF Training of Large Language Models with Parameter Reallocationcited by 34
- 2025RLHFSpec: Breaking the Efficiency Bottleneck in RLHF Training via Adaptive Draftingcited by 4
- 2025WeChat-YATT: A Scalable, Simple, Efficient, and Production Ready Training Librarycited by 2
- 2024Understanding and Alleviating Memory Consumption in RLHF for LLMscited by 1
- 2025RLHFSpec: Breaking the Efficiency Bottleneck in RLHF Training via Adaptive Drafting4 Dec 2025
- 2025WeChat-YATT: A Scalable, Simple, Efficient, and Production Ready Training Library11 Aug 2025
- 2024Understanding and Alleviating Memory Consumption in RLHF for LLMs21 Oct 2024
- 2024ReaL: Efficient RLHF Training of Large Language Models with Parameter Reallocation20 Jun 2024
- 2025G-Core: A Simple, Scalable and Balanced RLHF Trainercited by 1
- 2025G-Core: A Simple, Scalable and Balanced RLHF Trainer30 Jul 2025
- 2025LlamaRL: A Distributed Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for Efficient Large-scale LLM Trainingcited by 37
- 2025Laminar: A Scalable Asynchronous RL Post-Training Frameworkcited by 35
- 2026DORA: A Scalable Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning System for Language Model Trainingcited by 13
- 2024AntDT: A Self-Adaptive Distributed Training Framework for Leader and Straggler Nodescited by 1
- 2026How Fast Can Reward Models Score? A Systems Study of C++ and PyTorch Inference Runtimes for RLHFcited by 0
- 2026How Fast Can Reward Models Score? A Systems Study of C++ and PyTorch Inference Runtimes for RLHF22 Jul 2026
- 2026DORA: A Scalable Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning System for Language Model Training29 Apr 2026
- 2025Laminar: A Scalable Asynchronous RL Post-Training Framework14 Oct 2025
- 2025LlamaRL: A Distributed Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for Efficient Large-scale LLM Training29 May 2025
- 2024AntDT: A Self-Adaptive Distributed Training Framework for Leader and Straggler Nodes15 Apr 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework
- 2024On The Global Convergence Of Online RLHF With Neural Parametrization
- 2024Optimizing RLHF Training for Large Language Models with Stage Fusion
- 2024Does RLHF Scale? Exploring the Impacts From Data, Model, and Method
- 2025KL-Regularized RLHF with Multiple Reference Models: Exact Solutions and Sample Complexity
- 2026RLHFless: Serverless Computing for Efficient RLHF
- 2023Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
- 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models