Segment and Caption Anything
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a method to efficiently equip the Segment Anything Model (SAM) with the ability to generate regional captions. SAM presents strong generalizability to segment anything while is short for semantic understanding. By introducing a lightweight query-based feature mixer, we align the region-specific features with the embedding space of language models for later caption generation. As the number of trainable parameters is small (typically in the order of tens of millions), it costs less computation, less memory usage, and less communication bandwidth, resulting in both fast and scalable training. To address the scarcity problem of regional caption data, we propose to first pre-train our model on objection detection and segmentation tasks. We call this step weak supervision pretraining since the pre-training data only contains category names instead of full-sentence descriptions. The weak supervision pretraining allows us to leverage many publicly available object detection and segmentation datasets. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of our method and validate each design choice. This work serves as a stepping stone towards scaling up regional captioning data and sheds light on exploring efficient ways to augment SAM with regional semantics. The project page, along with the associated code, can be accessed via https://xk-huang.github.io/segment-caption-anything/.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 94 of its 122 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Dec 2023.
Builds on
94 of 122 references.
References · 94
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- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
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50 most cited of 94 All 94 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 10; 2025: 14; 2026: 3.
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- 2024Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Wantcited by 98
- 2024DINO-X: A Unified Vision Model for Open-World Object Detection and Understandingcited by 85
- 2025Describe Anything: Detailed Localized Image and Video Captioningcited by 84
- 2024VoCo-LLaMA: Towards Vision Compression with Large Language Modelscited by 78
- 2023Open-Vocabulary Segmentation with Semantic-Assisted Calibrationcited by 49
- 2025Perceive Anything: Recognize, Explain, Caption, and Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 49
- 2025KV-Edit: Training-Free Image Editing for Precise Background Preservationcited by 47
- 2023Tokenize Anything via Promptingcited by 31
- 2023Universal Segmentation at Arbitrary Granularity with Language Instructioncited by 29
- 2025PixelRefer: A Unified Framework for Spatio-Temporal Object Referring with Arbitrary Granularitycited by 21
- 2024Frontiers in Intelligent Colonoscopycited by 13
- 2025Caption Anything in Video: Fine-grained Object-centric Captioning via Spatiotemporal Multimodal Promptingcited by 9
18 more
- 2024Quantifying the Limits of Segmentation Foundation Models: Modeling Challenges in Segmenting Tree-Like and Low-Contrast Objectscited by 5
- 2025Stepping Out of Similar Semantic Space for Open-Vocabulary Segmentationcited by 5
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioningcited by 5
- 2026GREx: Generalized Referring Expression Segmentation, Comprehension, and Generationcited by 5
- 2024DynRefer: Delving into Region-level Multimodal Tasks via Dynamic Resolutioncited by 3
- 2024Exploring Aleatoric Uncertainty in Object Detection via Vision Foundation Modelscited by 3
- 2025VoCap: Video Object Captioning and Segmentation from Any Promptcited by 3
- 2025SAMSOD: Rethinking SAM Optimization for RGB-T Salient Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2024SAM-REF: Introducing Image-Prompt Synergy during Interaction for Detail Enhancement in the Segment Anything Modelcited by 2
- 2025Diffusion Instruction Tuningcited by 2
- 2025URECA: Unique Region Caption Anythingcited by 2
- 2025Embodied Image Captioning: Self-supervised Learning Agents for Spatially Coherent Image Descriptionscited by 1
- 2026See What I Mean: Aligning Vision and Language Representations for Video Fine-grained Object Understandingcited by 1
- 2024Surveying the Landscape of Image Captioning Evaluation: A Comprehensive Taxonomy, Trends and Metrics Analysiscited by 0
- 2024An Augmentation-based Model Re-adaptation Framework for Robust Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025SuperCap: Multi-resolution Superpixel-based Image Captioningcited by 0
- 2025Cross-modal Context-aware Learning for Visual Prompt Guided Multimodal Image Understanding in Remote Sensingcited by 0
- 2026Verifying the Linear Representation Hypothesis: How Interpretable Are Vision SAEs?cited by 0
- 2026Verifying the Linear Representation Hypothesis: How Interpretable Are Vision SAEs?28 Sep 2026
- 2026See What I Mean: Aligning Vision and Language Representations for Video Fine-grained Object Understanding18 May 2026
- 2026GREx: Generalized Referring Expression Segmentation, Comprehension, and Generation8 Jan 2026
- 2025Cross-modal Context-aware Learning for Visual Prompt Guided Multimodal Image Understanding in Remote Sensing12 Dec 2025
- 2025PixelRefer: A Unified Framework for Spatio-Temporal Object Referring with Arbitrary Granularity27 Oct 2025
- 2025SAMSOD: Rethinking SAM Optimization for RGB-T Salient Object Detection4 Oct 2025
- 2025VoCap: Video Object Captioning and Segmentation from Any Prompt29 Aug 2025
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioning17 Jul 2025
- 2025Stepping Out of Similar Semantic Space for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation19 Jun 2025
- 2025Perceive Anything: Recognize, Explain, Caption, and Segment Anything in Images and Videos5 Jun 2025
- 2025Describe Anything: Detailed Localized Image and Video Captioning22 Apr 2025
- 2025Embodied Image Captioning: Self-supervised Learning Agents for Spatially Coherent Image Descriptions11 Apr 2025
18 more
- 2025Caption Anything in Video: Fine-grained Object-centric Captioning via Spatiotemporal Multimodal Prompting7 Apr 2025
- 2025URECA: Unique Region Caption Anything7 Apr 2025
- 2025SuperCap: Multi-resolution Superpixel-based Image Captioning11 Mar 2025
- 2025KV-Edit: Training-Free Image Editing for Precise Background Preservation24 Feb 2025
- 2025Diffusion Instruction Tuning4 Feb 2025
- 2024Quantifying the Limits of Segmentation Foundation Models: Modeling Challenges in Segmenting Tree-Like and Low-Contrast Objects5 Dec 2024
- 2024Exploring Aleatoric Uncertainty in Object Detection via Vision Foundation Models26 Nov 2024
- 2024DINO-X: A Unified Vision Model for Open-World Object Detection and Understanding21 Nov 2024
- 2024Frontiers in Intelligent Colonoscopy22 Oct 2024
- 2024An Augmentation-based Model Re-adaptation Framework for Robust Image Segmentation14 Sep 2024
- 2024SAM-REF: Introducing Image-Prompt Synergy during Interaction for Detail Enhancement in the Segment Anything Model21 Aug 2024
- 2024Surveying the Landscape of Image Captioning Evaluation: A Comprehensive Taxonomy, Trends and Metrics Analysis9 Aug 2024
- 2024VoCo-LLaMA: Towards Vision Compression with Large Language Models18 Jun 2024
- 2024DynRefer: Delving into Region-level Multimodal Tasks via Dynamic Resolution25 May 2024
- 2024Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Want29 Mar 2024
- 2023Tokenize Anything via Prompting14 Dec 2023
- 2023Open-Vocabulary Segmentation with Semantic-Assisted Calibration7 Dec 2023
- 2023Universal Segmentation at Arbitrary Granularity with Language Instruction4 Dec 2023
- 2024Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Wantcited by 98
- 2025Describe Anything: Detailed Localized Image and Video Captioningcited by 84
- 2024VoCo-LLaMA: Towards Vision Compression with Large Language Modelscited by 78
- 2025PixelRefer: A Unified Framework for Spatio-Temporal Object Referring with Arbitrary Granularitycited by 21
- 2025Diffusion Instruction Tuningcited by 2
- 2025PixelRefer: A Unified Framework for Spatio-Temporal Object Referring with Arbitrary Granularity27 Oct 2025
- 2025Describe Anything: Detailed Localized Image and Video Captioning22 Apr 2025
- 2025Diffusion Instruction Tuning4 Feb 2025
- 2024VoCo-LLaMA: Towards Vision Compression with Large Language Models18 Jun 2024
- 2024Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Want29 Mar 2024
- 2024DINO-X: A Unified Vision Model for Open-World Object Detection and Understandingcited by 85
- 2023Open-Vocabulary Segmentation with Semantic-Assisted Calibrationcited by 49
- 2025Perceive Anything: Recognize, Explain, Caption, and Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 49
- 2023Tokenize Anything via Promptingcited by 31
- 2023Universal Segmentation at Arbitrary Granularity with Language Instructioncited by 29
- 2024Frontiers in Intelligent Colonoscopycited by 13
- 2025Caption Anything in Video: Fine-grained Object-centric Captioning via Spatiotemporal Multimodal Promptingcited by 9
- 2024Quantifying the Limits of Segmentation Foundation Models: Modeling Challenges in Segmenting Tree-Like and Low-Contrast Objectscited by 5
- 2025Stepping Out of Similar Semantic Space for Open-Vocabulary Segmentationcited by 5
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioningcited by 5
- 2026GREx: Generalized Referring Expression Segmentation, Comprehension, and Generationcited by 5
- 2024DynRefer: Delving into Region-level Multimodal Tasks via Dynamic Resolutioncited by 3
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026Verifying the Linear Representation Hypothesis: How Interpretable Are Vision SAEs?28 Sep 2026
- 2026See What I Mean: Aligning Vision and Language Representations for Video Fine-grained Object Understanding18 May 2026
- 2026GREx: Generalized Referring Expression Segmentation, Comprehension, and Generation8 Jan 2026
- 2025SAMSOD: Rethinking SAM Optimization for RGB-T Salient Object Detection4 Oct 2025
- 2025VoCap: Video Object Captioning and Segmentation from Any Prompt29 Aug 2025
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioning17 Jul 2025
- 2025Stepping Out of Similar Semantic Space for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation19 Jun 2025
- 2025Perceive Anything: Recognize, Explain, Caption, and Segment Anything in Images and Videos5 Jun 2025
- 2025Caption Anything in Video: Fine-grained Object-centric Captioning via Spatiotemporal Multimodal Prompting7 Apr 2025
- 2025URECA: Unique Region Caption Anything7 Apr 2025
- 2025SuperCap: Multi-resolution Superpixel-based Image Captioning11 Mar 2025
- 2024Quantifying the Limits of Segmentation Foundation Models: Modeling Challenges in Segmenting Tree-Like and Low-Contrast Objects5 Dec 2024
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)