Learning From Free-Text Human Feedback -- Collect New Datasets Or Extend Existing Ones?
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment
Abstract (arXiv)
Learning from free-text human feedback is essential for dialog systems, but annotated data is scarce and usually covers only a small fraction of error types known in conversational AI. Instead of collecting and annotating new datasets from scratch, recent advances in synthetic dialog generation could be used to augment existing dialog datasets with the necessary annotations. However, to assess the feasibility of such an effort, it is important to know the types and frequency of free-text human feedback included in these datasets. In this work, we investigate this question for a variety of commonly used dialog datasets, including MultiWoZ, SGD, BABI, PersonaChat, Wizards-of-Wikipedia, and the human-bot split of the Self-Feeding Chatbot. Using our observations, we derive new taxonomies for the annotation of free-text human feedback in dialogs and investigate the impact of including such data in response generation for three SOTA language generation models, including GPT-2, LLAMA, and Flan-T5. Our findings provide new insights into the composition of the datasets examined, including error types, user response types, and the relations between them.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 19 of its 99 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2023.
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19 of 99 references.
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Other references · 18
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,305
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
- 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferencescited by 3,912
- 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,330
- 2020MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understandingcited by 981
- 2018Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?cited by 828
- 2018MultiWOZ -- A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modellingcited by 766
- 2018Wizard of Wikipedia: Knowledge-Powered Conversational agentscited by 530
- 2019Towards Scalable Multi-domain Conversational Agents: The Schema-Guided Dialogue Datasetcited by 434
- 2022SODA: Million-scale Dialogue Distillation with Social Commonsense Contextualizationcited by 168
6 more
- 2016Learning End-to-End Goal-Oriented Dialogcited by 104
- 2019Learning from Dialogue after Deployment: Feed Yourself, Chatbot!cited by 102
- 2019A Repository of Conversational Datasetscited by 45
- 2021SaFeRDialogues: Taking Feedback Gracefully after Conversational Safety Failurescited by 37
- 2020A scalable framework for learning from implicit user feedback to improve natural language understanding in large-scale conversational AI systemscited by 8
- 2021Evaluate On-the-job Learning Dialogue Systems and a Case Study for Natural Language Understandingcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 1.
7 papers.
- 2024Aligning LLM Agents by Learning Latent Preference from User Editscited by 69
- 2024Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignmentcited by 18
- 2024On the Benchmarking of LLMs for Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluationcited by 10
- 2024Soda-Eval: Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation in the age of LLMscited by 10
- 2024Retrospective Learning from Interactionscited by 6
- 2024Learning from Implicit User Feedback, Emotions and Demographic Information in Task-Oriented and Document-Grounded Dialoguescited by 3
- 2025Towards Automated Error Discovery: A Study in Conversational AIcited by 0
- 2025Towards Automated Error Discovery: A Study in Conversational AI13 Sep 2025
- 2024Retrospective Learning from Interactions17 Oct 2024
- 2024Soda-Eval: Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation in the age of LLMs20 Aug 2024
- 2024On the Benchmarking of LLMs for Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation4 Jul 2024
- 2024Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignment13 Jun 2024
- 2024Aligning LLM Agents by Learning Latent Preference from User Edits23 Apr 2024
- 2024Learning from Implicit User Feedback, Emotions and Demographic Information in Task-Oriented and Document-Grounded Dialogues17 Jan 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023Bridging the Gap: A Survey on Integrating (Human) Feedback for Natural Language Generation
- 2024Naturally Occurring Feedback is Common, Extractable and Useful
- 2022Towards Boosting the Open-Domain Chatbot with Human Feedback
- 2023UltraFeedback: Boosting Language Models with Scaled AI Feedback
- 2020Dialogue Response Ranking Training with Large-Scale Human Feedback Data
- 2024Towards a Zero-Data, Controllable, Adaptive Dialog System
- 2022When Life Gives You Lemons, Make Cherryade: Converting Feedback from Bad Responses into Good Labels
- 2020Human-centric Dialog Training via Offline Reinforcement Learning