mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Auto-ACD: A Large-scale Dataset for Audio-Language Representation Learning

arXiv 2309.11500 ↗First posted 20 Sep 2023cs.SD cs.CV cs.MMcited by 33

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, the AI community has made significant strides in developing powerful foundation models, driven by large-scale multimodal datasets. However, for audio representation learning, existing datasets suffer from limitations in the following aspects: insufficient volume, simplistic content, and arduous collection procedures. To establish an audio dataset with high-quality captions, we propose an innovative, automatic approach leveraging multimodal inputs, such as video frames, audio streams. Specifically, we construct a large-scale, high-quality, audio-language dataset, named as Auto-ACD, comprising over 1.5M audio-text pairs. We exploit a series of pre-trained models or APIs, to determine audio-visual synchronisation, generate image captions, object detection, or audio tags for specific videos. Subsequently, we employ LLM to paraphrase a congruent caption for each audio, guided by the extracted multi-modality clues. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dataset, we train widely used models on our dataset and show performance improvement on various downstream tasks, for example, audio-language retrieval, audio captioning, zero-shot classification. In addition, we establish a novel benchmark with environmental information and provide a benchmark for audio-text tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2023.

Builds on

42 of 73 references.

References · 42

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30 more
  1. 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 648
  2. 2019PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognitioncited by 574
  3. 2021ClipCap: CLIP Prefix for Image Captioningcited by 559
  4. 2017Look, Listen and Learncited by 458
  5. 2019Clotho: An Audio Captioning Datasetcited by 358
  6. 2021AudioCLIP: Extending CLIP to Image, Text and Audiocited by 339
  7. 2018Audio-Visual Scene Analysis with Self-Supervised Multisensory Featurescited by 335
  8. 2023WhisperX: Time-Accurate Speech Transcription of Long-Form Audiocited by 326
  9. 2020Self-Supervised MultiModal Versatile Networkscited by 276
  10. 2023WavCaps: A ChatGPT-Assisted Weakly-Labelled Audio Captioning Dataset for Audio-Language Multimodal Researchcited by 267
  11. 2021Wav2CLIP: Learning Robust Audio Representations From CLIPcited by 213
  12. 2023Multimodal C4: An Open, Billion-scale Corpus of Images Interleaved with Textcited by 208
  13. 2022HTS-AT: A Hierarchical Token-Semantic Audio Transformer for Sound Classification and Detectioncited by 176
  14. 2019Video Representation Learning by Dense Predictive Codingcited by 175
  15. 2021Localizing Visual Sounds the Hard Waycited by 170
  16. 2016Improved Image Captioning via Policy Gradient optimization of SPIDErcited by 113
  17. 2022A Closer Look at Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Source Localizationcited by 73
  18. 2023AVSegFormer: Audio-Visual Segmentation with Transformercited by 68
  19. 2021Audio Retrieval with Natural Language Queries: A Benchmark Studycited by 61
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  21. 2023CATR: Combinatorial-Dependence Audio-Queried Transformer for Audio-Visual Video Segmentationcited by 53
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  23. 2020Rethinking CNN Models for Audio Classificationcited by 48
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  25. 2023Adaptive Sparse Pairwise Loss for Object Re-Identificationcited by 20
  26. 2023Audio-Visual Contrastive Learning with Temporal Self-Supervisioncited by 18
  27. 2021Connecting the Dots between Audio and Text without Parallel Data through Visual Knowledge Transfercited by 17
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 14; 2026: 12.

33 papers.

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  1. 2024The Curse of Multi-Modalities: Evaluating Hallucinations of Large Multimodal Models across Language, Visual, and Audiocited by 53
  2. 2024EzAudio: Enhancing Text-to-Audio Generation with Efficient Diffusion Transformercited by 31
  3. 2025InteractiveOmni: A Unified Omni-modal Model for Audio-Visual Multi-turn Dialoguecited by 29
  4. 2024Taming Data and Transformers for Audio Generationcited by 28
  5. 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalitiescited by 22
  6. 2024T-CLAP: Temporal-Enhanced Contrastive Language-Audio Pretrainingcited by 18
  7. 2025SAM2-LOVE: Segment Anything Model 2 in Language-aided Audio-Visual Scenescited by 17
  8. 2024VinTAGe: Joint Video and Text Conditioning for Holistic Audio Generationcited by 16
  9. 2025Towards Omnimodal Expressions and Reasoning in Referring Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 11
  10. 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generationcited by 11
  11. 2025GLAP: General contrastive audio-text pretraining across domains and languagescited by 10
  12. 2025IMPACT: Iterative Mask-based Parallel Decoding for Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modelingcited by 6
21 more
  1. 2025MECAT: A Multi-Experts Constructed Benchmark for Fine-Grained Audio Understanding Taskscited by 6
  2. 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representationcited by 4
  3. 2026dots.tts Technical Reportcited by 4
  4. 2024Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Audio Captioning with Generation-Assisted Multimodal Querying and Progressive Learningcited by 3
  5. 2025AudioStory: Generating Long-Form Narrative Audio with Large Language Modelscited by 3
  6. 2025CASTELLA: Long Audio Dataset with Captions and Temporal Boundariescited by 3
  7. 2025VAT-KG: Knowledge-Intensive Multimodal Knowledge Graph Dataset for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
  8. 2025DreamAudio: Customized Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  9. 2026AudioCapBench: Quick Evaluation on Audio Captioning across Sound, Music, and Speechcited by 2
  10. 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methodscited by 1
  11. 2026FlowSep 2: Self-Supervised Flow Matching for Language-Queried Audio Source Separationcited by 1
  12. 2025SpeechCT-CLIP: Distilling Text-Image Knowledge to Speech for Voice-Native Multimodal CT Analysiscited by 0
  13. 2025CACARA: Cross-Modal Alignment Leveraging a Text-Centric Approach for Cost-Effective Multimodal and Multilingual Learningcited by 0
  14. 2025ASK: Adaptive Self-improving Knowledge Framework for Audio Text Retrievalcited by 0
  15. 2026WavLink: Compact Audio-Text Embeddings with a Global Whisper Tokencited by 0
  16. 2026EvA: An Evidence-First Audio Understanding Paradigm for LALMscited by 0
  17. 2026COMET: Concept Space Dissection of the Modality Gap in Audio-Text Multimodal Contrastive Embeddingscited by 0
  18. 2026CARD: Cross-component Audio Representation Distillation for Encoder-Free Audio Captioningcited by 0
  19. 2026LAION-BVD: A 10-Million-Hour Open Video Dataset for Multimodal Pre-trainingcited by 0
  20. 2026SonicCaps: Large-Scale Diverse and Fine-Grained Captioning for Improved Audio-Retrievalcited by 0
  21. 2026AVSD-Scenes: A Dataset for Audio-Visual Description of Urban Scenescited by 0