Auto-ACD: A Large-scale Dataset for Audio-Language Representation Learning
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, the AI community has made significant strides in developing powerful foundation models, driven by large-scale multimodal datasets. However, for audio representation learning, existing datasets suffer from limitations in the following aspects: insufficient volume, simplistic content, and arduous collection procedures. To establish an audio dataset with high-quality captions, we propose an innovative, automatic approach leveraging multimodal inputs, such as video frames, audio streams. Specifically, we construct a large-scale, high-quality, audio-language dataset, named as Auto-ACD, comprising over 1.5M audio-text pairs. We exploit a series of pre-trained models or APIs, to determine audio-visual synchronisation, generate image captions, object detection, or audio tags for specific videos. Subsequently, we employ LLM to paraphrase a congruent caption for each audio, guided by the extracted multi-modality clues. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dataset, we train widely used models on our dataset and show performance improvement on various downstream tasks, for example, audio-language retrieval, audio captioning, zero-shot classification. In addition, we establish a novel benchmark with environmental information and provide a benchmark for audio-text tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2023.
Builds on
42 of 73 references.
References · 42
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,777
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,332
- 2019HowTo100M: Learning a Text-Video Embedding by Watching Hundred Million Narrated Video Clipscited by 950
- 2022Large-scale Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining with Feature Fusion and Keyword-to-Caption Augmentationcited by 719
- 2016CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classificationcited by 704
30 more
- 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 648
- 2019PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognitioncited by 574
- 2021ClipCap: CLIP Prefix for Image Captioningcited by 559
- 2017Look, Listen and Learncited by 458
- 2019Clotho: An Audio Captioning Datasetcited by 358
- 2021AudioCLIP: Extending CLIP to Image, Text and Audiocited by 339
- 2018Audio-Visual Scene Analysis with Self-Supervised Multisensory Featurescited by 335
- 2023WhisperX: Time-Accurate Speech Transcription of Long-Form Audiocited by 326
- 2020Self-Supervised MultiModal Versatile Networkscited by 276
- 2023WavCaps: A ChatGPT-Assisted Weakly-Labelled Audio Captioning Dataset for Audio-Language Multimodal Researchcited by 267
- 2021Wav2CLIP: Learning Robust Audio Representations From CLIPcited by 213
- 2023Multimodal C4: An Open, Billion-scale Corpus of Images Interleaved with Textcited by 208
- 2022HTS-AT: A Hierarchical Token-Semantic Audio Transformer for Sound Classification and Detectioncited by 176
- 2019Video Representation Learning by Dense Predictive Codingcited by 175
- 2021Localizing Visual Sounds the Hard Waycited by 170
- 2016Improved Image Captioning via Policy Gradient optimization of SPIDErcited by 113
- 2022A Closer Look at Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Source Localizationcited by 73
- 2023AVSegFormer: Audio-Visual Segmentation with Transformercited by 68
- 2021Audio Retrieval with Natural Language Queries: A Benchmark Studycited by 61
- 2023AV-SAM: Segment Anything Model Meets Audio-Visual Localization and Segmentationcited by 53
- 2023CATR: Combinatorial-Dependence Audio-Queried Transformer for Audio-Visual Video Segmentationcited by 53
- 2023AutoAD: Movie Description in Contextcited by 50
- 2020Rethinking CNN Models for Audio Classificationcited by 48
- 2022Automated Audio Captioning: An Overview of Recent Progress and New Challengescited by 23
- 2023Adaptive Sparse Pairwise Loss for Object Re-Identificationcited by 20
- 2023Audio-Visual Contrastive Learning with Temporal Self-Supervisioncited by 18
- 2021Connecting the Dots between Audio and Text without Parallel Data through Visual Knowledge Transfercited by 17
- 2023BLAT: Bootstrapping Language-Audio Pre-training based on AudioSet Tag-guided Synthetic Datacited by 15
- 2023Multi-Scale Attention for Audio Question Answeringcited by 13
- 2023AST-SED: An Effective Sound Event Detection Method Based on Audio Spectrogram Transformercited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 14; 2026: 12.
33 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024The Curse of Multi-Modalities: Evaluating Hallucinations of Large Multimodal Models across Language, Visual, and Audiocited by 53
- 2024EzAudio: Enhancing Text-to-Audio Generation with Efficient Diffusion Transformercited by 31
- 2025InteractiveOmni: A Unified Omni-modal Model for Audio-Visual Multi-turn Dialoguecited by 29
- 2024Taming Data and Transformers for Audio Generationcited by 28
- 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalitiescited by 22
- 2024T-CLAP: Temporal-Enhanced Contrastive Language-Audio Pretrainingcited by 18
- 2025SAM2-LOVE: Segment Anything Model 2 in Language-aided Audio-Visual Scenescited by 17
- 2024VinTAGe: Joint Video and Text Conditioning for Holistic Audio Generationcited by 16
- 2025Towards Omnimodal Expressions and Reasoning in Referring Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 11
- 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generationcited by 11
- 2025GLAP: General contrastive audio-text pretraining across domains and languagescited by 10
- 2025IMPACT: Iterative Mask-based Parallel Decoding for Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modelingcited by 6
21 more
- 2025MECAT: A Multi-Experts Constructed Benchmark for Fine-Grained Audio Understanding Taskscited by 6
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representationcited by 4
- 2026dots.tts Technical Reportcited by 4
- 2024Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Audio Captioning with Generation-Assisted Multimodal Querying and Progressive Learningcited by 3
- 2025AudioStory: Generating Long-Form Narrative Audio with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025CASTELLA: Long Audio Dataset with Captions and Temporal Boundariescited by 3
- 2025VAT-KG: Knowledge-Intensive Multimodal Knowledge Graph Dataset for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
- 2025DreamAudio: Customized Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2026AudioCapBench: Quick Evaluation on Audio Captioning across Sound, Music, and Speechcited by 2
- 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methodscited by 1
- 2026FlowSep 2: Self-Supervised Flow Matching for Language-Queried Audio Source Separationcited by 1
- 2025SpeechCT-CLIP: Distilling Text-Image Knowledge to Speech for Voice-Native Multimodal CT Analysiscited by 0
- 2025CACARA: Cross-Modal Alignment Leveraging a Text-Centric Approach for Cost-Effective Multimodal and Multilingual Learningcited by 0
- 2025ASK: Adaptive Self-improving Knowledge Framework for Audio Text Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026WavLink: Compact Audio-Text Embeddings with a Global Whisper Tokencited by 0
- 2026EvA: An Evidence-First Audio Understanding Paradigm for LALMscited by 0
- 2026COMET: Concept Space Dissection of the Modality Gap in Audio-Text Multimodal Contrastive Embeddingscited by 0
- 2026CARD: Cross-component Audio Representation Distillation for Encoder-Free Audio Captioningcited by 0
- 2026LAION-BVD: A 10-Million-Hour Open Video Dataset for Multimodal Pre-trainingcited by 0
- 2026SonicCaps: Large-Scale Diverse and Fine-Grained Captioning for Improved Audio-Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026AVSD-Scenes: A Dataset for Audio-Visual Description of Urban Scenescited by 0
- 2026AVSD-Scenes: A Dataset for Audio-Visual Description of Urban Scenes1 Oct 2026
- 2026SonicCaps: Large-Scale Diverse and Fine-Grained Captioning for Improved Audio-Retrieval2 Sep 2026
- 2026LAION-BVD: A 10-Million-Hour Open Video Dataset for Multimodal Pre-training25 Aug 2026
- 2026FlowSep 2: Self-Supervised Flow Matching for Language-Queried Audio Source Separation22 Aug 2026
- 2026CARD: Cross-component Audio Representation Distillation for Encoder-Free Audio Captioning6 Jul 2026
- 2026dots.tts Technical Report5 Jun 2026
- 2026COMET: Concept Space Dissection of the Modality Gap in Audio-Text Multimodal Contrastive Embeddings28 May 2026
- 2026EvA: An Evidence-First Audio Understanding Paradigm for LALMs29 Mar 2026
- 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methods26 Mar 2026
- 2026AudioCapBench: Quick Evaluation on Audio Captioning across Sound, Music, and Speech27 Feb 2026
- 2026WavLink: Compact Audio-Text Embeddings with a Global Whisper Token21 Jan 2026
- 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generation6 Jan 2026
21 more
- 2025ASK: Adaptive Self-improving Knowledge Framework for Audio Text Retrieval11 Dec 2025
- 2025CACARA: Cross-Modal Alignment Leveraging a Text-Centric Approach for Cost-Effective Multimodal and Multilingual Learning29 Nov 2025
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representation20 Nov 2025
- 2025CASTELLA: Long Audio Dataset with Captions and Temporal Boundaries19 Nov 2025
- 2025InteractiveOmni: A Unified Omni-modal Model for Audio-Visual Multi-turn Dialogue15 Oct 2025
- 2025SpeechCT-CLIP: Distilling Text-Image Knowledge to Speech for Voice-Native Multimodal CT Analysis24 Sep 2025
- 2025DreamAudio: Customized Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Models7 Sep 2025
- 2025AudioStory: Generating Long-Form Narrative Audio with Large Language Models27 Aug 2025
- 2025MECAT: A Multi-Experts Constructed Benchmark for Fine-Grained Audio Understanding Tasks31 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Omnimodal Expressions and Reasoning in Referring Audio-Visual Segmentation30 Jul 2025
- 2025GLAP: General contrastive audio-text pretraining across domains and languages12 Jun 2025
- 2025VAT-KG: Knowledge-Intensive Multimodal Knowledge Graph Dataset for Retrieval-Augmented Generation11 Jun 2025
- 2025SAM2-LOVE: Segment Anything Model 2 in Language-aided Audio-Visual Scenes2 Jun 2025
- 2025IMPACT: Iterative Mask-based Parallel Decoding for Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modeling31 May 2025
- 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalities16 Dec 2024
- 2024VinTAGe: Joint Video and Text Conditioning for Holistic Audio Generation14 Dec 2024
- 2024The Curse of Multi-Modalities: Evaluating Hallucinations of Large Multimodal Models across Language, Visual, and Audio16 Oct 2024
- 2024Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Audio Captioning with Generation-Assisted Multimodal Querying and Progressive Learning14 Oct 2024
- 2024EzAudio: Enhancing Text-to-Audio Generation with Efficient Diffusion Transformer17 Sep 2024
- 2024Taming Data and Transformers for Audio Generation27 Jun 2024
- 2024T-CLAP: Temporal-Enhanced Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining27 Apr 2024
- 2024EzAudio: Enhancing Text-to-Audio Generation with Efficient Diffusion Transformercited by 31
- 2025IMPACT: Iterative Mask-based Parallel Decoding for Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modelingcited by 6
- 2026dots.tts Technical Reportcited by 4
- 2025DreamAudio: Customized Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2026FlowSep 2: Self-Supervised Flow Matching for Language-Queried Audio Source Separationcited by 1
- 2026FlowSep 2: Self-Supervised Flow Matching for Language-Queried Audio Source Separation22 Aug 2026
- 2026dots.tts Technical Report5 Jun 2026
- 2025DreamAudio: Customized Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Models7 Sep 2025
- 2025IMPACT: Iterative Mask-based Parallel Decoding for Text-to-Audio Generation with Diffusion Modeling31 May 2025
- 2024EzAudio: Enhancing Text-to-Audio Generation with Efficient Diffusion Transformer17 Sep 2024
- 2025InteractiveOmni: A Unified Omni-modal Model for Audio-Visual Multi-turn Dialoguecited by 29
- 2024Taming Data and Transformers for Audio Generationcited by 28
- 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalitiescited by 22
- 2024T-CLAP: Temporal-Enhanced Contrastive Language-Audio Pretrainingcited by 18
- 2025SAM2-LOVE: Segment Anything Model 2 in Language-aided Audio-Visual Scenescited by 17
- 2024VinTAGe: Joint Video and Text Conditioning for Holistic Audio Generationcited by 16
- 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generationcited by 11
- 2025GLAP: General contrastive audio-text pretraining across domains and languagescited by 10
- 2025MECAT: A Multi-Experts Constructed Benchmark for Fine-Grained Audio Understanding Taskscited by 6
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representationcited by 4
- 2025AudioStory: Generating Long-Form Narrative Audio with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025CASTELLA: Long Audio Dataset with Captions and Temporal Boundariescited by 3
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026AVSD-Scenes: A Dataset for Audio-Visual Description of Urban Scenes1 Oct 2026
- 2026SonicCaps: Large-Scale Diverse and Fine-Grained Captioning for Improved Audio-Retrieval2 Sep 2026
- 2026LAION-BVD: A 10-Million-Hour Open Video Dataset for Multimodal Pre-training25 Aug 2026
- 2026CARD: Cross-component Audio Representation Distillation for Encoder-Free Audio Captioning6 Jul 2026
- 2026COMET: Concept Space Dissection of the Modality Gap in Audio-Text Multimodal Contrastive Embeddings28 May 2026
- 2026EvA: An Evidence-First Audio Understanding Paradigm for LALMs29 Mar 2026
- 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methods26 Mar 2026
- 2026WavLink: Compact Audio-Text Embeddings with a Global Whisper Token21 Jan 2026
- 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generation6 Jan 2026
- 2025ASK: Adaptive Self-improving Knowledge Framework for Audio Text Retrieval11 Dec 2025
- 2025CACARA: Cross-Modal Alignment Leveraging a Text-Centric Approach for Cost-Effective Multimodal and Multilingual Learning29 Nov 2025
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representation20 Nov 2025
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)