mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards Ontology Construction with Language Models

arXiv 2309.09898 ↗First posted 18 Sep 2023cs.AIcited by 23

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a method for automatically constructing a concept hierarchy for a given domain by querying a large language model. We apply this method to various domains using OpenAI's GPT 3.5. Our experiments indicate that LLMs can be of considerable help for constructing concept hierarchies.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2023.

Builds on

18 of 29 references.

References · 18

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,326
  3. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,916
  4. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  5. 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,936
  6. 2021Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Modelscited by 1,392
  7. 2021Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gophercited by 1,202
  8. 2020How Much Knowledge Can You Pack Into the Parameters of a Language Model?cited by 719
  9. 2022Using DeepSpeed and Megatron to Train Megatron-Turing NLG 530B, A Large-Scale Generative Language Modelcited by 559
  10. 2021Learning How to Ask: Querying LMs with Mixtures of Soft Promptscited by 377
  11. 2021Surface Form Competition: Why the Highest Probability Answer Isn't Always Rightcited by 263
  12. 2023Crawling the Internal Knowledge-Base of Language Modelscited by 85
6 more
  1. 2021BERTese: Learning to Speak to BERTcited by 82
  2. 2022Prompting as Probing: Using Language Models for Knowledge Base Constructioncited by 32
  3. 2022Contextual Semantic Embeddings for Ontology Subsumption Predictioncited by 31
  4. 2023Evaluating Language Models for Knowledge Base Completioncited by 20
  5. 2021Learning Description Logic Ontologies. Five Approaches. Where Do They Stand?cited by 12
  6. 2017Exact Learning of Lightweight Description Logic Ontologiescited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 14; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.

23 papers.

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  1. 2024From human experts to machines: An LLM supported approach to ontology and knowledge graph constructioncited by 40
  2. 2025On Verifiable Legal Reasoning: A Multi-Agent Framework with Formalized Knowledge Representationscited by 18
  3. 2024OntoChat: a Framework for Conversational Ontology Engineering using Language Modelscited by 15
  4. 2024Research Trends for the Interplay between Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphscited by 15
  5. 2024End-to-End Ontology Learning with Large Language Modelscited by 13
  6. 2024Enabling LLM Knowledge Analysis via Extensive Materializationcited by 12
  7. 2024Hierarchical Selective Classificationcited by 7
  8. 2024Large language models as oracles for instantiating ontologies with domain-specific knowledgecited by 6
  9. 2026ErrorMap and ErrorAtlas: Charting the Failure Landscape of Large Language Modelscited by 6
  10. 2024On the Use of Large Language Models to Generate Capability Ontologiescited by 5
  11. 2024Refining Wikidata Taxonomy using Large Language Modelscited by 5
  12. 2024Toward a Method to Generate Capability Ontologies from Natural Language Descriptionscited by 4
11 more
  1. 2024Ontology Population using LLMscited by 4
  2. 2024Improving Ontology Requirements Engineering with OntoChat and Participatory Promptingcited by 3
  3. 2024Prompt-Time Ontology-Driven Symbolic Knowledge Capture with Large Language Modelscited by 2
  4. 2025Taxonomy Inference for Tabular Data Using Large Language Modelscited by 2
  5. 2025MetaGraph: A Large-Scale Meta-Analysis of GenAI in Financial NLP (2022-2025)cited by 2
  6. 2024Data-driven Coreference-based Ontology Buildingcited by 1
  7. 2026From Prompt to Graph: Comparing LLM-Based Information Extraction Strategies in Domain-Specific Ontology Developmentcited by 1
  8. 2025Leveraging LLMs for Collaborative Ontology Engineering in Parkinson Disease Monitoring and Alertingcited by 0
  9. 2026Automated Domain Question Mapping (DQM) with Educational Learning Materialscited by 0
  10. 2026Extracting Semantics: LLM-Guided Automatic Population of Robot Ontology from URDFcited by 0
  11. 2026Ontology-Guided Evidence Path Inference for Multi-hop Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 0