mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

UER: A Heuristic Bias Addressing Approach for Online Continual Learning

arXiv 2309.04081 ↗First posted 8 Sep 2023cs.LG cs.CVcited by 5

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Online continual learning aims to continuously train neural networks from a continuous data stream with a single pass-through data. As the most effective approach, the rehearsal-based methods replay part of previous data. Commonly used predictors in existing methods tend to generate biased dot-product logits that prefer to the classes of current data, which is known as a bias issue and a phenomenon of forgetting. Many approaches have been proposed to overcome the forgetting problem by correcting the bias; however, they still need to be improved in online fashion. In this paper, we try to address the bias issue by a more straightforward and more efficient method. By decomposing the dot-product logits into an angle factor and a norm factor, we empirically find that the bias problem mainly occurs in the angle factor, which can be used to learn novel knowledge as cosine logits. On the contrary, the norm factor abandoned by existing methods helps remember historical knowledge. Based on this observation, we intuitively propose to leverage the norm factor to balance the new and old knowledge for addressing the bias. To this end, we develop a heuristic approach called unbias experience replay (UER). UER learns current samples only by the angle factor and further replays previous samples by both the norm and angle factors. Extensive experiments on three datasets show that UER achieves superior performance over various state-of-the-art methods. The code is in https://github.com/FelixHuiweiLin/UER.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Sep 2023.

Builds on

28 of 47 references.

References · 28

  1. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
  2. 2016Matching Networks for One Shot Learningcited by 2,255
  3. 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,898
  4. 2016Progressive Neural Networkscited by 1,361
  5. 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,095
  6. 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,058
  7. 2020Dark Experience for General Continual Learning: a Strong, Simple Baselinecited by 911
  8. 2019Large Scale Incremental Learningcited by 732
  9. 2019Gradient based sample selection for online continual learningcited by 571
  10. 2019Online Continual Learning with Maximally Interfered Retrievalcited by 379
  11. 2019Orthogonal Gradient Descent for Continual Learningcited by 369
  12. 2019Maintaining Discrimination and Fairness in Class Incremental Learningcited by 283
16 more
  1. 2018Learning without Memorizingcited by 250
  2. 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 245
  3. 2021Co2L: Contrastive Continual Learningcited by 244
  4. 2021New Insights on Reducing Abrupt Representation Change in Online Continual Learningcited by 219
  5. 2020Using Hindsight to Anchor Past Knowledge in Continual Learningcited by 161
  6. 2021Supervised Contrastive Replay: Revisiting the Nearest Class Mean Classifier in Online Class-Incremental Continual Learningcited by 141
  7. 2020SS-IL: Separated Softmax for Incremental Learningcited by 126
  8. 2020Rethinking Experience Replay: a Bag of Tricks for Continual Learningcited by 94
  9. 2022Memory Replay with Data Compression for Continual Learningcited by 82
  10. 2023RMM: Reinforced Memory Management for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 66
  11. 2020Gradient-based Editing of Memory Examples for Online Task-free Continual Learningcited by 62
  12. 2023PCR: Proxy-based Contrastive Replay for Online Class-Incremental Continual Learningcited by 52
  13. 2021Layerwise Optimization by Gradient Decomposition for Continual Learningcited by 51
  14. 2018Decoupled Networkscited by 45
  15. 2021Online Continual Learning For Visual Food Classificationcited by 39
  16. 2020Lifelong Knowledge Learning in Rule-based Dialogue Systemscited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.

5 papers.