UER: A Heuristic Bias Addressing Approach for Online Continual Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Online continual learning aims to continuously train neural networks from a continuous data stream with a single pass-through data. As the most effective approach, the rehearsal-based methods replay part of previous data. Commonly used predictors in existing methods tend to generate biased dot-product logits that prefer to the classes of current data, which is known as a bias issue and a phenomenon of forgetting. Many approaches have been proposed to overcome the forgetting problem by correcting the bias; however, they still need to be improved in online fashion. In this paper, we try to address the bias issue by a more straightforward and more efficient method. By decomposing the dot-product logits into an angle factor and a norm factor, we empirically find that the bias problem mainly occurs in the angle factor, which can be used to learn novel knowledge as cosine logits. On the contrary, the norm factor abandoned by existing methods helps remember historical knowledge. Based on this observation, we intuitively propose to leverage the norm factor to balance the new and old knowledge for addressing the bias. To this end, we develop a heuristic approach called unbias experience replay (UER). UER learns current samples only by the angle factor and further replays previous samples by both the norm and angle factors. Extensive experiments on three datasets show that UER achieves superior performance over various state-of-the-art methods. The code is in https://github.com/FelixHuiweiLin/UER.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Sep 2023.
Builds on
28 of 47 references.
References · 28
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16 more
- 2018Learning without Memorizingcited by 250
- 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 245
- 2021Co2L: Contrastive Continual Learningcited by 244
- 2021New Insights on Reducing Abrupt Representation Change in Online Continual Learningcited by 219
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- 2020Rethinking Experience Replay: a Bag of Tricks for Continual Learningcited by 94
- 2022Memory Replay with Data Compression for Continual Learningcited by 82
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- 2020Gradient-based Editing of Memory Examples for Online Task-free Continual Learningcited by 62
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- 2020Lifelong Knowledge Learning in Rule-based Dialogue Systemscited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.
5 papers.
- 2023HPCR: Holistic Proxy-based Contrastive Replay for Online Continual Learningcited by 2
- 2024Continual Novel Class Discovery via Feature Enhancement and Adaptationcited by 2
- 2025Improving Open-world Continual Learning under the Constraints of Scarce Labeled Datacited by 2
- 2024ER-FSL: Experience Replay with Feature Subspace Learning for Online Continual Learningcited by 0
- 2025Multi-level Collaborative Distillation Meets Global Workspace Model: A Unified Framework for OCILcited by 0
- 2025Multi-level Collaborative Distillation Meets Global Workspace Model: A Unified Framework for OCIL12 Aug 2025
- 2025Improving Open-world Continual Learning under the Constraints of Scarce Labeled Data28 Feb 2025
- 2024ER-FSL: Experience Replay with Feature Subspace Learning for Online Continual Learning17 Jul 2024
- 2024Continual Novel Class Discovery via Feature Enhancement and Adaptation10 May 2024
- 2023HPCR: Holistic Proxy-based Contrastive Replay for Online Continual Learning26 Sep 2023