Efficient Query-Based Attack against ML-Based Android Malware Detection under Zero Knowledge Setting
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The widespread adoption of the Android operating system has made malicious Android applications an appealing target for attackers. Machine learning-based (ML-based) Android malware detection (AMD) methods are crucial in addressing this problem; however, their vulnerability to adversarial examples raises concerns. Current attacks against ML-based AMD methods demonstrate remarkable performance but rely on strong assumptions that may not be realistic in real-world scenarios, e.g., the knowledge requirements about feature space, model parameters, and training dataset. To address this limitation, we introduce AdvDroidZero, an efficient query-based attack framework against ML-based AMD methods that operates under the zero knowledge setting. Our extensive evaluation shows that AdvDroidZero is effective against various mainstream ML-based AMD methods, in particular, state-of-the-art such methods and real-world antivirus solutions.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2023.
Builds on
35 of 74 references.
References · 35
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,305
- 2013Intriguing properties of neural networkscited by 5,155
- 2016Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networkscited by 2,998
- 2016Practical Black-Box Attacks against Machine Learningcited by 903
- 2017Decision-Based Adversarial Attacks: Reliable Attacks Against Black-Box Machine Learning Modelscited by 462
- 2019On Evaluating Adversarial Robustnesscited by 447
- 2017Wild Patterns: Ten Years After the Rise of Adversarial Machine Learningcited by 414
- 2018TextBugger: Generating Adversarial Text Against Real-world Applicationscited by 381
- 2019HopSkipJumpAttack: A Query-Efficient Decision-Based Attackcited by 333
- 2018TESSERACT: Eliminating Experimental Bias in Malware Classification across Space and Timecited by 108
- 2020SoK: Certified Robustness for Deep Neural Networkscited by 105
- 2020Dos and Don'ts of Machine Learning in Computer Securitycited by 102
23 more
- 2018Technical Report: When Does Machine Learning FAIL? Generalized Transferability for Evasion and Poisoning Attackscited by 81
- 2018Interpretable Deep Learning under Firecited by 74
- 2016A Boundary Tilting Persepective on the Phenomenon of Adversarial Examplescited by 70
- 2022"Real Attackers Don't Compute Gradients": Bridging the Gap Between Adversarial ML Research and Practicecited by 56
- 2020Transcending Transcend: Revisiting Malware Classification in the Presence of Concept Driftcited by 53
- 2017Yes, Machine Learning Can Be More Secure! A Case Study on Android Malware Detectioncited by 52
- 2020Blacklight: Scalable Defense for Neural Networks against Query-Based Black-Box Attackscited by 37
- 2020Mind Your Weight(s): A Large-scale Study on Insufficient Machine Learning Model Protection in Mobile Appscited by 36
- 2019Hybrid Batch Attacks: Finding Black-box Adversarial Examples with Limited Queriescited by 33
- 2020Adversarial Deep Ensemble: Evasion Attacks and Defenses for Malware Detectioncited by 33
- 2016MaMaDroid: Detecting Android Malware by Building Markov Chains of Behavioral Modelscited by 30
- 2018Android HIV: A Study of Repackaging Malware for Evading Machine-Learning Detectioncited by 19
- 2021Deep Learning for Android Malware Defenses: a Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 18
- 2021PyCG: Practical Call Graph Generation in Pythoncited by 17
- 2020Why an Android App is Classified as Malware? Towards Malware Classification Interpretationcited by 16
- 2021EvadeDroid: A Practical Evasion Attack on Machine Learning for Black-box Android Malware Detectioncited by 13
- 2023Black-box Adversarial Example Attack towards FCG Based Android Malware Detection under Incomplete Feature Informationcited by 13
- 2020Improving Certified Robustness via Statistical Learning with Logical Reasoningcited by 12
- 2021RamBoAttack: A Robust Query Efficient Deep Neural Network Decision Exploitcited by 11
- 2022Transfer Attacks Revisited: A Large-Scale Empirical Study in Real Computer Vision Settingscited by 11
- 2018Eight Years of Rider Measurement in the Android Malware Ecosystem: Evolution and Lessons Learnedcited by 3
- 2021A Large-scale Temporal Measurement of Android Malicious Apps: Persistence, Migration, and Lessons Learnedcited by 2
- 2021Understanding Worldwide Private Information Collection on Androidcited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
10 papers.
- 2025Automatic Red Teaming LLM-based Agents with Model Context Protocol Toolscited by 18
- 2024SUB-PLAY: Adversarial Policies against Partially Observed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Systemscited by 7
- 2024Unraveling the Key of Machine Learning-based Android Malware Detectioncited by 4
- 2026FraudShield: Knowledge Graph Empowered Defense for LLMs against Fraud Attackscited by 4
- 2023MalPurifier: Enhancing Android Malware Detection with Adversarial Purification against Evasion Attackscited by 3
- 2025Defending against Adversarial Malware Attacks on ML-based Android Malware Detection Systemscited by 2
- 2024MASKDROID: Robust Android Malware Detection with Masked Graph Representationscited by 1
- 2025On the Security Risks of ML-based Malware Detection Systems: A Surveycited by 1
- 2026Hybrid Analysis for Secure MCP Tool Use in LLM Agentscited by 0
- 2026REPLICANT: Learning Policies for Evading and Hardening Malware Detectorscited by 0
- 2026REPLICANT: Learning Policies for Evading and Hardening Malware Detectors28 Aug 2026
- 2026Hybrid Analysis for Secure MCP Tool Use in LLM Agents28 Jul 2026
- 2026FraudShield: Knowledge Graph Empowered Defense for LLMs against Fraud Attacks30 Jan 2026
- 2025Automatic Red Teaming LLM-based Agents with Model Context Protocol Tools25 Sep 2025
- 2025On the Security Risks of ML-based Malware Detection Systems: A Survey16 May 2025
- 2025Defending against Adversarial Malware Attacks on ML-based Android Malware Detection Systems23 Jan 2025
- 2024MASKDROID: Robust Android Malware Detection with Masked Graph Representations29 Sep 2024
- 2024SUB-PLAY: Adversarial Policies against Partially Observed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Systems6 Feb 2024
- 2024Unraveling the Key of Machine Learning-based Android Malware Detection5 Feb 2024
- 2023MalPurifier: Enhancing Android Malware Detection with Adversarial Purification against Evasion Attacks11 Dec 2023