mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Evaluating Large Language Models on Graphs: Performance Insights and Comparative Analysis

arXiv 2308.11224 ↗First posted 22 Aug 2023cs.AI cs.CLcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable interest within both academic and industrial. Yet, the application of LLMs to graph data remains under-explored. In this study, we evaluate the capabilities of four LLMs in addressing several analytical problems with graph data. We employ four distinct evaluation metrics: Comprehension, Correctness, Fidelity, and Rectification. Our results show that: 1) LLMs effectively comprehend graph data in natural language and reason with graph topology. 2) GPT models can generate logical and coherent results, outperforming alternatives in correctness. 3) All examined LLMs face challenges in structural reasoning, with techniques like zero-shot chain-of-thought and few-shot prompting showing diminished efficacy. 4) GPT models often produce erroneous answers in multi-answer tasks, raising concerns in fidelity. 5) GPT models exhibit elevated confidence in their outputs, potentially hindering their rectification capacities. Notably, GPT-4 has demonstrated the capacity to rectify responses from GPT-3.5-turbo and its own previous iterations. The code is available at: https://github.com/Ayame1006/LLMtoGraph.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Aug 2023.

Builds on

27 of 38 references.

References · 27

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  3. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  4. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  5. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  6. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  7. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
  8. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  9. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  10. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
  11. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,056
  12. 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,397
15 more
  1. 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,227
  2. 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivitycited by 888
  3. 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 663
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  7. 2023Can Language Models Solve Graph Problems in Natural Language?cited by 249
  8. 2023GPT4Graph: Can Large Language Models Understand Graph Structured Data ? An Empirical Evaluation and Benchmarkingcited by 209
  9. 2023On the Robustness of ChatGPT: An Adversarial and Out-of-distribution Perspectivecited by 208
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  12. 2020KG-BART: Knowledge Graph-Augmented BART for Generative Commonsense Reasoningcited by 106
  13. 2023Graph-ToolFormer: To Empower LLMs with Graph Reasoning Ability via Prompt Augmented by ChatGPTcited by 78
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  15. 2022A Survey of Knowledge-Intensive NLP with Pre-Trained Language Modelscited by 30

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 14; 2025: 9; 2026: 4.

35 papers.

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  1. 2023Large Language Models on Graphs: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 190
  2. 2023Graph Foundation Models: Concepts, Opportunities and Challengescited by 101
  3. 2023A Survey of Graph Meets Large Language Model: Progress and Future Directionscited by 84
  4. 2024Demystifying Chains, Trees, and Graphs of Thoughtscited by 63
  5. 2024LLMs as Zero-shot Graph Learners: Alignment of GNN Representations with LLM Token Embeddingscited by 60
  6. 2023Making Large Language Models Perform Better in Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 48
  7. 2024GraphArena: Evaluating and Exploring Large Language Models on Graph Computationcited by 48
  8. 2023Disentangled Representation Learning with Large Language Models for Text-Attributed Graphscited by 36
  9. 2024Graph Machine Learning in the Era of Large Language Models (LLMs)cited by 33
  10. 2023A Configurable Library for Generating and Manipulating Maze Datasetscited by 31
  11. 2024GITA: Graph to Visual and Textual Integration for Vision-Language Graph Reasoningcited by 31
  12. 2023Graph Meets LLMs: Towards Large Graph Modelscited by 19
23 more
  1. 2024A Survey of Large Language Models on Generative Graph Analytics: Query, Learning, and Applicationscited by 17
  2. 2023Structured World Representations in Maze-Solving Transformerscited by 16
  3. 2024GraphEval36K: Benchmarking Coding and Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models on Graph Datasetscited by 12
  4. 2024Similarity-based Neighbor Selection for Graph LLMscited by 10
  5. 2024Can LLMs perform structured graph reasoning?cited by 9
  6. 2025GraphThought: Graph Combinatorial Optimization with Thought Generationcited by 9
  7. 2025Reasoning with Graphs: Structuring Implicit Knowledge to Enhance LLMs Reasoningcited by 8
  8. 2025UniGTE: Unified Graph-Text Encoding for Zero-Shot Generalization across Graph Tasks and Domainscited by 7
  9. 2024CodeGraph: Enhancing Graph Reasoning of LLMs with Codecited by 6
  10. 2025Graph-R1: Incentivizing the Zero-Shot Graph Learning Capability in LLMs via Explicit Reasoningcited by 6
  11. 2025Rethinking and Benchmarking Large Language Models for Graph Reasoningcited by 6
  12. 2024Graph Linearization Methods for Reasoning on Graphs with Large Language Modelscited by 5
  13. 2024Are Large-Language Models Graph Algorithmic Reasoners?cited by 5
  14. 2025Large Language Models for Cryptocurrency Transaction Analysis: A Bitcoin Case Studycited by 3
  15. 2024CARL-GT: Evaluating Causal Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2
  16. 2025Zero-shot Graph Reasoning via Retrieval Augmented Framework with LLMscited by 1
  17. 2026GraphDC: A Divide-and-Conquer Multi-Agent System for Scalable Graph Algorithm Reasoningcited by 1
  18. 2026Clustering as Reasoning: A k-Means Interpretation of Chain-of-Thought Graph Learningcited by 1
  19. 2024ChatBCG: Can AI Read Your Slide Deck?cited by 0
  20. 2025Towards Multimodal Graph Large Language Modelcited by 0
  21. 2025Investigating Student Interaction Patterns with Large Language Model-Powered Course Assistants in Computer Science Coursescited by 0
  22. 2026LLM-Aided A* Search in Non-Geometric Network Graphscited by 0
  23. 2026Unified Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Complex Graph Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 0

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  1. 2024Revisiting the Graph Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models: Case Studies in Translation, Connectivity and Shortest Path
  2. 2025Exploring Graph Learning Tasks with Pure LLMs: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Investigation
  3. 2026Are Large Language Models Suitable for Graph Computation? Progress and Prospects
  4. 2023Talk like a Graph: Encoding Graphs for Large Language Models
  5. 2023GraphLLM: Boosting Graph Reasoning Ability of Large Language Model
  6. 2024GUNDAM: Aligning Large Language Models with Graph Understanding
  7. 2024GraCoRe: Benchmarking Graph Comprehension and Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models
  8. 2024Graph Chain-of-Thought: Augmenting Large Language Models by Reasoning on Graphs