SAPIEN: Affective Virtual Agents Powered by Large Language Models
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate
Abstract (arXiv)
In this demo paper, we introduce SAPIEN, a platform for high-fidelity virtual agents driven by large language models that can hold open domain conversations with users in 13 different languages, and display emotions through facial expressions and voice. The platform allows users to customize their virtual agent's personality, background, and conversation premise, thus providing a rich, immersive interaction experience. Furthermore, after the virtual meeting, the user can choose to get the conversation analyzed and receive actionable feedback on their communication skills. This paper illustrates an overview of the platform and discusses the various application domains of this technology, ranging from entertainment to mental health, communication training, language learning, education, healthcare, and beyond. Additionally, we consider the ethical implications of such realistic virtual agent representations and the potential challenges in ensuring responsible use.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 13 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2023.
Builds on
13 of 26 references.
References · 13
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.
6 papers.
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
- 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 422
- 2024Autonomous Agents for Collaborative Task under Information Asymmetrycited by 15
- 2024The influence of persona and conversational task on social interactions with a LLM-controlled embodied conversational agentcited by 7
- 2025Nature's Insight: A Novel Framework and Comprehensive Analysis of Agentic Reasoning Through the Lens of Neurosciencecited by 3
- 2025Integrating Personality into Digital Humans: A Review of LLM-Driven Approaches for Virtual Realitycited by 2
- 2025Nature's Insight: A Novel Framework and Comprehensive Analysis of Agentic Reasoning Through the Lens of Neuroscience7 May 2025
- 2025Integrating Personality into Digital Humans: A Review of LLM-Driven Approaches for Virtual Reality22 Feb 2025
- 2024The influence of persona and conversational task on social interactions with a LLM-controlled embodied conversational agent8 Nov 2024
- 2024Autonomous Agents for Collaborative Task under Information Asymmetry21 Jun 2024
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey14 Sep 2023
- 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agents5 Sep 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026E3VA: Enhancing Emotional Expressiveness in Virtual Conversational Agents
- 2026Can Virtual Agents Care? Designing an Empathetic and Personalized LLM-Driven Conversational Agent
- 2024VCounselor: A Psychological Intervention Chat Agent Based on a Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Model
- 2023An Appraisal-Based Chain-Of-Emotion Architecture for Affective Language Model Game Agents
- 2024SweetieChat: A Strategy-Enhanced Role-playing Framework for Diverse Scenarios Handling Emotional Support Agent
- 2026Toward Natural and Companionable Virtual Agents via Cross-Temporal Emotional Modeling
- 2026Reading the Mood Behind Words: Integrating Prosody-Derived Emotional Context into Socially Responsive VR Agents
- 2025Emotional Cognitive Modeling Framework with Desire-Driven Objective Optimization for LLM-empowered Agent in Social Simulation