Primitive Skill-based Robot Learning from Human Evaluative Feedback
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF
Abstract (arXiv)
Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms face significant challenges when dealing with long-horizon robot manipulation tasks in real-world environments due to sample inefficiency and safety issues. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel framework, SEED, which leverages two approaches: reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and primitive skill-based reinforcement learning. Both approaches are particularly effective in addressing sparse reward issues and the complexities involved in long-horizon tasks. By combining them, SEED reduces the human effort required in RLHF and increases safety in training robot manipulation with RL in real-world settings. Additionally, parameterized skills provide a clear view of the agent's high-level intentions, allowing humans to evaluate skill choices before they are executed. This feature makes the training process even safer and more efficient. To evaluate the performance of SEED, we conducted extensive experiments on five manipulation tasks with varying levels of complexity. Our results show that SEED significantly outperforms state-of-the-art RL algorithms in sample efficiency and safety. In addition, SEED also exhibits a substantial reduction of human effort compared to other RLHF methods. Further details and video results can be found at https://seediros23.github.io/.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 24 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jul 2023.
Builds on
24 of 45 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2019Deep Reinforcement Learning from Policy-Dependent Human Feedback12 Feb
- 2018DQN-TAMER: Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning with Intractable Feedback28 Oct
Other references · 22
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic Algorithms and Applicationscited by 1,179
- 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,070
- 2021CLIPort: What and Where Pathways for Robotic Manipulationcited by 617
- 2022Perceiver-Actor: A Multi-Task Transformer for Robotic Manipulationcited by 545
- 2020robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learningcited by 484
- 2020Integrated Task and Motion Planningcited by 281
- 2017Interactive Learning from Policy-Dependent Human Feedbackcited by 155
- 2018PDDLStream: Integrating Symbolic Planners and Blackbox Samplers via Optimistic Adaptive Planningcited by 147
- 2022VIOLA: Imitation Learning for Vision-Based Manipulation with Object Proposal Priorscited by 135
- 2017Deep TAMER: Interactive Agent Shaping in High-Dimensional State Spacescited by 122
- 2020Hierarchical Planning for Long-Horizon Manipulation with Geometric and Symbolic Scene Graphscited by 83
10 more
- 2021Augmenting Reinforcement Learning with Behavior Primitives for Diverse Manipulation Taskscited by 75
- 2021Learning Neuro-Symbolic Relational Transition Models for Bilevel Planningcited by 43
- 2019Leveraging Human Guidance for Deep Reinforcement Learning Taskscited by 42
- 2020Deep Affordance Foresight: Planning Through What Can Be Done in the Futurecited by 41
- 2022LEAGUE: Guided Skill Learning and Abstraction for Long-Horizon Manipulationcited by 32
- 2022Generalizable Task Planning through Representation Pretrainingcited by 19
- 2022STAP: Sequencing Task-Agnostic Policiescited by 17
- 2019Accelerated Robot Learning via Human Brain Signalscited by 13
- 2021APPLE: Adaptive Planner Parameter Learning from Evaluative Feedbackcited by 13
- 2019Interactively shaping robot behaviour with unlabeled human instructionscited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 4; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
15 papers.
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- 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AIcited by 274
- 2024Uni-RLHF: Universal Platform and Benchmark Suite for Reinforcement Learning with Diverse Human Feedbackcited by 20
- 2024Principled Preferential Bayesian Optimizationcited by 16
- 2023NOIR: Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots for Everyday Activitiescited by 8
- 2024VANP: Learning Where to See for Navigation with Self-Supervised Vision-Action Pre-Trainingcited by 5
- 2025Bootstrapping Imitation Learning for Long-horizon Manipulation via Hierarchical Data Collection Spacecited by 3
- 2026Learning Diffusion Policy from Primitive Skills for Robot Manipulationcited by 3
- 2025Reward Generation via Large Vision-Language Model in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2023CasIL: Cognizing and Imitating Skills via a Dual Cognition-Action Architecturecited by 0
- 2025HAPI: A Model for Learning Robot Facial Expressions from Human Preferencescited by 0
- 2025NOIR 2.0: Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots for Everyday Activitiescited by 0
- 2026Generating Natural and Expressive Robot Gestures through Iterative Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback using LLMscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Prediction: Steering VLM Agents with Retrospective World Modeling30 Sep 2026
- 2026PIVOT: Pivot-Aware On Policy Self Distillation for Multi-Turn VLM Agents28 Sep 2026
- 2026Hybrid Advantage Estimation with Unified Critic for VLM Agentic Reinforcement Learning26 Jul 2026
- 2026Generating Natural and Expressive Robot Gestures through Iterative Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback using LLMs17 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning Diffusion Policy from Primitive Skills for Robot Manipulation5 Jan 2026
- 2025NOIR 2.0: Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots for Everyday Activities25 Nov 2025
- 2025Bootstrapping Imitation Learning for Long-horizon Manipulation via Hierarchical Data Collection Space23 May 2025
- 2025Reward Generation via Large Vision-Language Model in Offline Reinforcement Learning3 Apr 2025
- 2025HAPI: A Model for Learning Robot Facial Expressions from Human Preferences21 Mar 2025
- 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI23 May 2024
- 2024VANP: Learning Where to See for Navigation with Self-Supervised Vision-Action Pre-Training12 Mar 2024
- 2024Principled Preferential Bayesian Optimization8 Feb 2024
3 more
- 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AIcited by 274
- 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI23 May 2024
- 2024Principled Preferential Bayesian Optimizationcited by 16
- 2023NOIR: Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots for Everyday Activitiescited by 8
- 2024VANP: Learning Where to See for Navigation with Self-Supervised Vision-Action Pre-Trainingcited by 5
- 2025HAPI: A Model for Learning Robot Facial Expressions from Human Preferencescited by 0
- 2025NOIR 2.0: Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots for Everyday Activitiescited by 0
- 2025NOIR 2.0: Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots for Everyday Activities25 Nov 2025
- 2025HAPI: A Model for Learning Robot Facial Expressions from Human Preferences21 Mar 2025
- 2024VANP: Learning Where to See for Navigation with Self-Supervised Vision-Action Pre-Training12 Mar 2024
- 2024Principled Preferential Bayesian Optimization8 Feb 2024
- 2023NOIR: Neural Signal Operated Intelligent Robots for Everyday Activities2 Nov 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Precise and Dexterous Robotic Manipulation via Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning
- 2025RM-RL: Role-Model Reinforcement Learning for Precise Robot Manipulation
- 2026Res-HIL: Human-Guided Residual Reinforcement Learning for Sample-Efficient Dexterous Manipulation
- 2026Coherent Off-Policy Improvement of Large Behavior Models with Learned Rewards
- 2023Robot Fine-Tuning Made Easy: Pre-Training Rewards and Policies for Autonomous Real-World Reinforcement Learning
- 2023Offline Skill Generalization via Task and Motion Planning
- 2024EXTRACT: Efficient Policy Learning by Extracting Transferable Robot Skills from Offline Data
- 2026MoRI: Mixture of RL and IL Experts for Long-Horizon Manipulation Tasks