mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PromptStyler: Prompt-driven Style Generation for Source-free Domain Generalization

arXiv 2307.15199 ↗First posted 27 Jul 2023cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 59

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Abstract (arXiv)

In a joint vision-language space, a text feature (e.g., from "a photo of a dog") could effectively represent its relevant image features (e.g., from dog photos). Also, a recent study has demonstrated the cross-modal transferability phenomenon of this joint space. From these observations, we propose PromptStyler which simulates various distribution shifts in the joint space by synthesizing diverse styles via prompts without using any images to deal with source-free domain generalization. The proposed method learns to generate a variety of style features (from "a S* style of a") via learnable style word vectors for pseudo-words S*. To ensure that learned styles do not distort content information, we force style-content features (from "a S* style of a [class]") to be located nearby their corresponding content features (from "[class]") in the joint vision-language space. After learning style word vectors, we train a linear classifier using synthesized style-content features. PromptStyler achieves the state of the art on PACS, VLCS, OfficeHome and DomainNet, even though it does not require any images for training.

Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 64 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2023.

Builds on

64 of 77 references.

References · 64

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  4. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
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  8. 2019Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Perturbationscited by 2,857
  9. 2021Learning to Prompt for Vision-Language Modelscited by 2,269
  10. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
  11. 2019Do ImageNet Classifiers Generalize to ImageNet?cited by 1,507
  12. 2022Conditional Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,427
38 more
  1. 2018Moment Matching for Multi-Source Domain Adaptationcited by 1,327
  2. 2017Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptationcited by 1,309
  3. 2017Deep Hashing Network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 1,181
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  5. 2020In Search of Lost Domain Generalizationcited by 1,042
  6. 2021CLIP-Adapter: Better Vision-Language Models with Feature Adapterscited by 1,021
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  12. 2018Recognition in Terra Incognitacited by 655
  13. 2013Domain Generalization via Invariant Feature Representationcited by 622
  14. 2021Domain Generalization with MixStylecited by 563
  15. 2022Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 553
  16. 2019Domain Generalization by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 449
  17. 2021SWAD: Domain Generalization by Seeking Flat Minimacited by 431
  18. 2020Self-Challenging Improves Cross-Domain Generalizationcited by 426
  19. 2019Domain Generalization via Model-Agnostic Learning of Semantic Featurescited by 405
  20. 2015Return of Frustratingly Easy Domain Adaptationcited by 389
  21. 2022Tip-Adapter: Training-free Adaption of CLIP for Few-shot Classificationcited by 355
  22. 2019Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation via Minimax Entropycited by 333
  23. 2020Learning to Generate Novel Domains for Domain Generalizationcited by 296
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  25. 2021A Fourier-based Framework for Domain Generalizationcited by 287
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  27. 2022Prompt Distribution Learningcited by 235
  28. 2020Deep Domain-Adversarial Image Generation for Domain Generalisationcited by 231
  29. 2020Domain Generalization using Causal Matchingcited by 224
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  31. 2022Vision-Language Pre-Training with Triple Contrastive Learningcited by 212
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 27; 2025: 17; 2026: 8.

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  1. 2023Source-Free Domain Adaptation with Frozen Multimodal Foundation Modelcited by 54
  2. 2024FonTS: Text Rendering with Typography and Style Controlscited by 40
  3. 2023Collaborating Foundation Models for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 33
  4. 2024GalLoP: Learning Global and Local Prompts for Vision-Language Modelscited by 29
  5. 2024Revisiting the Adversarial Robustness of Vision Language Models: a Multimodal Perspectivecited by 28
  6. 2024Soft Prompt Generation for Domain Generalizationcited by 24
  7. 2025Advances in Multimodal Adaptation and Generalization: From Traditional Approaches to Foundation Modelscited by 23
  8. 2025Mamba as a Bridge: Where Vision Foundation Models Meet Vision Language Models for Domain-Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 23
  9. 2024T4P: Test-Time Training of Trajectory Prediction via Masked Autoencoder and Actor-specific Token Memorycited by 20
  10. 2024Textual Query-Driven Mask Transformer for Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 20
  11. 2023InstaStyle: Inversion Noise of a Stylized Image is Secretly a Style Advisercited by 17
  12. 2024PracticalDG: Perturbation Distillation on Vision-Language Models for Hybrid Domain Generalizationcited by 15
38 more
  1. 2025CLIP-Powered Domain Generalization and Domain Adaptation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 15
  2. 2024Learn to Preserve and Diversify: Parameter-Efficient Group with Orthogonal Regularization for Domain Generalizationcited by 14
  3. 2025Learning to Adapt Frozen CLIP for Few-Shot Test-Time Domain Adaptationcited by 14
  4. 2025Handling Out-of-Distribution Data: A Surveycited by 14
  5. 2024LanDA: Language-Guided Multi-Source Domain Adaptationcited by 13
  6. 2024DiPEx: Dispersing Prompt Expansion for Class-Agnostic Object Detectioncited by 11
  7. 2023CLAP: Isolating Content from Style through Contrastive Learning with Augmented Promptscited by 10
  8. 2024Prompt as Free Lunch: Enhancing Diversity in Source-Free Cross-domain Few-shot Learning through Semantic-Guided Promptingcited by 10
  9. 2024Prompt-Driven Contrastive Learning for Transferable Adversarial Attackscited by 9
  10. 2024Is Large-Scale Pretraining the Secret to Good Domain Generalization?cited by 9
  11. 2026Reasoning-Driven Multimodal LLM for Domain Generalizationcited by 7
  12. 2023Descriptor and Word Soups: Overcoming the Parameter Efficiency Accuracy Tradeoff for Out-of-Distribution Few-shot Learningcited by 6
  13. 2024DPStyler: Dynamic PromptStyler for Source-Free Domain Generalizationcited by 6
  14. 2024Out-of-Distribution Learning with Human Feedbackcited by 6
  15. 2024PromptTA: Prompt-driven Text Adapter for Source-free Domain Generalizationcited by 6
  16. 2025Style Evolving along Chain-of-Thought for Unknown-Domain Object Detectioncited by 6
  17. 2025Generalizing vision-language models to novel domains: A comprehensive surveycited by 6
  18. 2025Approximate Domain Unlearning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
  19. 2024Hybrid-TTA: Continual Test-time Adaptation via Dynamic Domain Shift Detectioncited by 5
  20. 2026Reclaiming Lost Text Layers for Source-Free Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learningcited by 5
  21. 2025BatStyler: Advancing Multi-category Style Generation for Source-free Domain Generalizationcited by 4
  22. 2024Multimodal Unsupervised Domain Generalization by Retrieving Across the Modality Gapcited by 3
  23. 2023TLDR: Text Based Last-layer Retraining for Debiasing Image Classifierscited by 2
  24. 2024VLLaVO: Mitigating Visual Gap through LLMscited by 2
  25. 2024UMFC: Unsupervised Multi-Domain Feature Calibration for Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
  26. 2025Simulate, Refocus and Ensemble: An Attention-Refocusing Scheme for Domain Generalizationcited by 2
  27. 2025Domain Generalization Under Posterior Driftcited by 2
  28. 2023Towards Domain-Specific Features Disentanglement for Domain Generalizationcited by 1
  29. 2024Enhancing Vision-Language Models Generalization via Diversity-Driven Novel Feature Synthesiscited by 1
  30. 2024WIDIn: Wording Image for Domain-Invariant Representation in Single-Source Domain Generalizationcited by 1
  31. 2024TriplePlay: Enhancing Federated Learning with CLIP for Non-IID Data and Resource Efficiencycited by 1
  32. 2024LARE: Latent Augmentation using Regional Embedding with Vision-Language Modelcited by 1
  33. 2024Attention Head Purification: A New Perspective to Harness CLIP for Domain Generalizationcited by 1
  34. 2025Data-Efficient Generalization for Zero-shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 1
  35. 2025Text-Driven Causal Representation Learning for Source-Free Domain Generalizationcited by 1
  36. 2026Source-Free Domain Adaptation with Vision-Language Priorcited by 1
  37. 2026Cross-Sample Relational Fusion: Unifying Domain Generalization and Class-Incremental Learningcited by 1
  38. 2024GOOD: Towards Domain Generalized Orientated Object Detectioncited by 0

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)