Predictive Embeddings for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We present a neural-network based approach to classifying online hate speech in general, as well as racist and sexist speech in particular. Using pre-trained word embeddings and max/mean pooling from simple, fully-connected transformations of these embeddings, we are able to predict the occurrence of hate speech on three commonly used publicly available datasets. Our models match or outperform state of the art F1 performance on all three datasets using significantly fewer parameters and minimal feature preprocessing compared to previous methods.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2018.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 4; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
12 papers.
- 2021Abuse is Contextual, What about NLP? The Role of Context in Abusive Language Annotation and Detectioncited by 19
- 2024ToxiCraft: A Novel Framework for Synthetic Generation of Harmful Informationcited by 17
- 2023Towards Safer Generative Language Models: A Survey on Safety Risks, Evaluations, and Improvementscited by 14
- 2023Multi-modal Hate Speech Detection using Machine Learningcited by 8
- 2022Why Is It Hate Speech? Masked Rationale Prediction for Explainable Hate Speech Detectioncited by 7
- 2021Sexism detection: The first corpus in Algerian dialect with a code-switching in Arabic/ French and Englishcited by 5
- 2022CRUSH: Contextually Regularized and User anchored Self-supervised Hate speech Detectioncited by 5
- 2024ToxiLab: How Well Do Open-Source LLMs Generate Synthetic Toxicity Data?cited by 5
- 2025Dynamic Content Moderation in Livestreams: Combining Supervised Classification with MLLM-Boosted Similarity Matchingcited by 4
- 2022Multi-Task Text Classification using Graph Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Low Resource Languagecited by 3
- 2021dictNN: A Dictionary-Enhanced CNN Approach for Classifying Hate Speech on Twittercited by 1
- 2022Cross-Platform and Cross-Domain Abusive Language Detection with Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 1
- 2025Dynamic Content Moderation in Livestreams: Combining Supervised Classification with MLLM-Boosted Similarity Matching3 Dec 2025
- 2024ToxiLab: How Well Do Open-Source LLMs Generate Synthetic Toxicity Data?18 Nov 2024
- 2024ToxiCraft: A Novel Framework for Synthetic Generation of Harmful Information23 Sep 2024
- 2023Multi-modal Hate Speech Detection using Machine Learning15 Jun 2023
- 2023Towards Safer Generative Language Models: A Survey on Safety Risks, Evaluations, and Improvements18 Feb 2023
- 2022Cross-Platform and Cross-Domain Abusive Language Detection with Supervised Contrastive Learning11 Nov 2022
- 2022Why Is It Hate Speech? Masked Rationale Prediction for Explainable Hate Speech Detection1 Nov 2022
- 2022Multi-Task Text Classification using Graph Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Low Resource Language2 May 2022
- 2022CRUSH: Contextually Regularized and User anchored Self-supervised Hate speech Detection13 Apr 2022
- 2021Sexism detection: The first corpus in Algerian dialect with a code-switching in Arabic/ French and English3 Apr 2021
- 2021Abuse is Contextual, What about NLP? The Role of Context in Abusive Language Annotation and Detection27 Mar 2021
- 2021dictNN: A Dictionary-Enhanced CNN Approach for Classifying Hate Speech on Twitter16 Mar 2021