mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Building Socio-culturally Inclusive Stereotype Resources with Community Engagement

arXiv 2307.10514 ↗First posted 20 Jul 2023cs.CL cs.AI cs.HCcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

With rapid development and deployment of generative language models in global settings, there is an urgent need to also scale our measurements of harm, not just in the number and types of harms covered, but also how well they account for local cultural contexts, including marginalized identities and the social biases experienced by them. Current evaluation paradigms are limited in their abilities to address this, as they are not representative of diverse, locally situated but global, socio-cultural perspectives. It is imperative that our evaluation resources are enhanced and calibrated by including people and experiences from different cultures and societies worldwide, in order to prevent gross underestimations or skews in measurements of harm. In this work, we demonstrate a socio-culturally aware expansion of evaluation resources in the Indian societal context, specifically for the harm of stereotyping. We devise a community engaged effort to build a resource which contains stereotypes for axes of disparity that are uniquely present in India. The resultant resource increases the number of stereotypes known for and in the Indian context by over 1000 stereotypes across many unique identities. We also demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of such expanded resources for evaluations of language models. CONTENT WARNING: This paper contains examples of stereotypes that may be offensive.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jul 2023.

Builds on

35 of 60 references.

References · 35

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23 more
  1. 2016Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biasescited by 901
  2. 2020CrowS-Pairs: A Challenge Dataset for Measuring Social Biases in Masked Language Modelscited by 710
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2024Towards Measuring and Modeling "Culture" in LLMs: A Surveycited by 167
  2. 2025Culture is Not Trivia: Sociocultural Theory for Cultural NLPcited by 40
  3. 2024Beyond Aesthetics: Cultural Competence in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 30
  4. 2024Culturally Aware and Adapted NLP: A Taxonomy and a Survey of the State of the Artcited by 26
  5. 2024Extrinsic Evaluation of Cultural Competence in Large Language Modelscited by 24
  6. 2023Indian-BhED: A Dataset for Measuring India-Centric Biases in Large Language Modelscited by 18
  7. 2024Towards Geographic Inclusion in the Evaluation of Text-to-Image Modelscited by 16
  8. 2023Decolonial AI Alignment: Openness, Vi'sedsa-Dharma, and Including Excluded Knowledgescited by 10
  9. 2025TALES: A Taxonomy and Analysis of Cultural Representations in LLM-generated Storiescited by 10
  10. 2025FairI Tales: Evaluation of Fairness in Indian Contexts with a Focus on Bias and Stereotypescited by 9
  11. 2024Socially Responsible Data for Large Multilingual Language Modelscited by 7
  12. 2025Identities are not Interchangeable: The Problem of Overgeneralization in Fair Machine Learningcited by 5
13 more
  1. 2024Measuring Machine Learning Harms from Stereotypes Requires Understanding Who Is Harmed by Which Errors in What Wayscited by 4
  2. 2025EuroGEST: Investigating gender stereotypes in multilingual language modelscited by 4
  3. 2025EtiCor++: Towards Understanding Etiquettical Bias in LLMscited by 3
  4. 2025MCEval: A Dynamic Framework for Fair Multilingual Cultural Evaluation of LLMscited by 3
  5. 2024GeniL: A Multilingual Dataset on Generalizing Languagecited by 2
  6. 2025Purdah and Patriarchy: Evaluating and Mitigating South Asian Biases in Open-Ended Multilingual LLM Generationscited by 2
  7. 2024Securing Reliability: A Brief Overview on Enhancing In-Context Learning for Foundation Modelscited by 1
  8. 2024Ethics Whitepaper: Whitepaper on Ethical Research into Large Language Modelscited by 1
  9. 2026SAFARI: A Community-Engaged Approach and Dataset of Stereotype Resources in the Sub-Saharan African Contextcited by 1
  10. 2025Gender-Neutral Large Language Models for Medical Applications: Reducing Bias in PubMed Abstractscited by 0
  11. 2025AfriStereo: A Culturally Grounded Dataset for Evaluating Stereotypical Bias in Large Language Modelscited by 0
  12. 2026IndicFairFace: Balanced Indian Face Dataset for Auditing and Mitigating Geographical Bias in Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
  13. 2026Characterizing Cultural Localization in AI-Generated Storiescited by 0