mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Lumbar spine segmentation in MR images: a dataset and a public benchmark

arXiv 2306.12217 ↗First posted 21 Jun 2023eess.IV cs.CVcited by 30

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a large publicly available multi-center lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset with reference segmentations of vertebrae, intervertebral discs (IVDs), and spinal canal. The dataset includes 447 sagittal T1 and T2 MRI series from 218 patients with a history of low back pain and was collected from four different hospitals. An iterative data annotation approach was used by training a segmentation algorithm on a small part of the dataset, enabling semi-automatic segmentation of the remaining images. The algorithm provided an initial segmentation, which was subsequently reviewed, manually corrected, and added to the training data. We provide reference performance values for this baseline algorithm and nnU-Net, which performed comparably. Performance values were computed on a sequestered set of 39 studies with 97 series, which were additionally used to set up a continuous segmentation challenge that allows for a fair comparison of different segmentation algorithms. This study may encourage wider collaboration in the field of spine segmentation and improve the diagnostic value of lumbar spine MRI.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2023.

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6 of 29 references.

References · 6

  1. 2021The Medical Segmentation Decathloncited by 628
  2. 2020VerSe: A Vertebrae Labelling and Segmentation Benchmark for Multi-detector CT Imagescited by 111
  3. 2021CTSpine1K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Spinal Vertebrae Segmentation in Computed Tomographycited by 46
  4. 2018Iterative fully convolutional neural networks for automatic vertebra segmentation and identificationcited by 25
  5. 2020Automatic Segmentation, Localization, and Identification of Vertebrae in 3D CT Images Using Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 7
  6. 2017A Localisation-Segmentation Approach for Multi-label Annotation of Lumbar Vertebrae using Deep Netscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 8; 2026: 14.

30 papers.

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  1. 2024FairMedFM: Fairness Benchmarking for Medical Imaging Foundation Modelscited by 47
  2. 2024How to build the best medical image segmentation algorithm using foundation models: a comprehensive empirical study with Segment Anything Modelcited by 32
  3. 2025MRI-CORE: A Foundation Model for Magnetic Resonance Imagingcited by 15
  4. 2024SegmentAnyBone: A Universal Model that Segments Any Bone at Any Location on MRIcited by 14
  5. 2024Counterfactual Explanations for Medical Image Classification and Regression using Diffusion Autoencodercited by 10
  6. 2024SPINEPS -- Automatic Whole Spine Segmentation of T2-weighted MR images using a Two-Phase Approach to Multi-class Semantic and Instance Segmentationcited by 9
  7. 2024HyperSpace: Hypernetworks for spacing-adaptive image segmentationcited by 6
  8. 2025MedicoSAM: Robust Improvement of SAM for Medical Imagingcited by 6
  9. 2025Benchmark of Segmentation Techniques for Pelvic Fracture in CT and X-ray: Summary of the PENGWIN 2024 Challengecited by 5
  10. 2025Large-scale Multi-sequence Pretraining for Generalizable MRI Analysis in Versatile Clinical Applicationscited by 3
  11. 2026Designing UNICORN: a Unified Benchmark for Imaging in Computational Pathology, Radiology, and Natural Languagecited by 3
  12. 2026Towards Next-Generation Healthcare: A Survey of Medical Embodied AI for Perception, Decision-Making, and Actioncited by 2
18 more
  1. 2024Panoptic Segmentation and Labelling of Lumbar Spine Vertebrae using Modified Attention Unetcited by 1
  2. 2025Anatomy-Aware Text-Visual Fusion with Dual-Perspective Prompts for Fine-Grained Lumbar Spine Segmentationcited by 1
  3. 2025SpineBench: A Clinically Salient, Level-Aware Benchmark Powered by the SpineMed-450k Corpuscited by 1
  4. 2026PhenSPINE: A Standardized Benchmark for Spine Pathology Diagnosiscited by 1
  5. 2024Pioneering Precision in Lumbar Spine MRI Segmentation with Advanced Deep Learning and Data Enhancementcited by 0
  6. 2025Do Superpixel Segmentation Methods Influence Deforestation Image Classification?cited by 0
  7. 2025SpineBench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs for Spinal Pathology Analysiscited by 0
  8. 2026Geometrical Cross-Attention and Nonvoid Voxelization for Efficient 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  9. 2026AI Approach for MRI-only Full-Spine Vertebral Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction in Paediatric Scoliosiscited by 0
  10. 2026Virtual-reality based patient-specific simulation of spine surgical procedures: A fast, highly automated and high-fidelity system for surgical education and planningcited by 0
  11. 2026One Sequence to Segment Them All: Efficient Data Augmentation for CT and MRI Cross-Domain 3D Spine Segmentationcited by 0
  12. 2026Vision Transformer-Conditioned UNet for Domain-Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
  13. 2026SpineReport: Automated 3D Quantification and Reporting of Lumbar Spine Degeneration on MRIcited by 0
  14. 2026Towards Voxel Spacing Consistency for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  15. 2026SLIP: Segmentation with Low-latency Interactive Prompting for 3D Medical Imagescited by 0
  16. 2026Beyond Fluency: A Clinical Benchmark and Anomaly-Enhanced Baseline for Spine MRI Report Generationcited by 0
  17. 2026CoM3eT: A foundation model for medical image analysis through federated, multidimensional context integrationcited by 0
  18. 2026GateSPINE: Gated Cross-View Fusion for Lumbar Spine MRI Report Generationcited by 0