mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

CTSpine1K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Spinal Vertebrae Segmentation in Computed Tomography

arXiv 2105.14711 ↗First posted 31 May 2021eess.IV cs.CVcited by 45

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Abstract (arXiv)

Spine-related diseases have high morbidity and cause a huge burden of social cost. Spine imaging is an essential tool for noninvasively visualizing and assessing spinal pathology. Segmenting vertebrae in computed tomography (CT) images is the basis of quantitative medical image analysis for clinical diagnosis and surgery planning of spine diseases. Current publicly available annotated datasets on spinal vertebrae are small in size. Due to the lack of a large-scale annotated spine image dataset, the mainstream deep learning-based segmentation methods, which are data-driven, are heavily restricted. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale spine CT dataset, called CTSpine1K, curated from multiple sources for vertebra segmentation, which contains 1,005 CT volumes with over 11,100 labeled vertebrae belonging to different spinal conditions. Based on this dataset, we conduct several spinal vertebrae segmentation experiments to set the first benchmark. We believe that this large-scale dataset will facilitate further research in many spine-related image analysis tasks, including but not limited to vertebrae segmentation, labeling, 3D spine reconstruction from biplanar radiographs, image super-resolution, and enhancement.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 May 2021.

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6 of 22 references.

References · 6

  1. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  2. 2019A large annotated medical image dataset for the development and evaluation of segmentation algorithmscited by 371
  3. 2020A review of deep learning in medical imaging: Imaging traits, technology trends, case studies with progress highlights, and future promisescited by 230
  4. 2020SAINT: Spatially Aware Interpolation NeTwork for Medical Slice Synthesiscited by 37
  5. 2018Iterative fully convolutional neural networks for automatic vertebra segmentation and identificationcited by 25
  6. 2013GBM Volumetry using the 3D Slicer Medical Image Computing Platformcited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 12; 2025: 10; 2026: 16.

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  1. 2024GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AIcited by 96
  2. 2023SA-Med2D-20M Dataset: Segment Anything in 2D Medical Imaging with 20 Million maskscited by 54
  3. 2023AbdomenAtlas-8K: Annotating 8,000 CT Volumes for Multi-Organ Segmentation in Three Weekscited by 52
  4. 20243D MedDiffusion: A 3D Medical Latent Diffusion Model for Controllable and High-quality Medical Image Generationcited by 37
  5. 2023Lumbar spine segmentation in MR images: a dataset and a public benchmarkcited by 30
  6. 2024Interactive Medical Image Segmentation: A Benchmark Dataset and Baselinecited by 30
  7. 2025How Well Do Supervised 3D Models Transfer to Medical Imaging Tasks?cited by 19
  8. 2025MedConv: Convolutions Beat Transformers on Long-Tailed Bone Density Predictioncited by 16
  9. 2025MIMO: A medical vision language model with visual referring multimodal input and pixel grounding multimodal outputcited by 14
  10. 2023Geometry-Aware Attenuation Learning for Sparse-View CBCT Reconstructioncited by 12
  11. 2024DiffuX2CT: Diffusion Learning to Reconstruct CT Images from Biplanar X-Rayscited by 9
  12. 2025MedSG-Bench: A Benchmark for Medical Image Sequences Groundingcited by 8
33 more
  1. 2025MedNeXt-v2: Scaling 3D ConvNeXts for Large-Scale Supervised Representation Learning in Medical Image Segmentationcited by 5
  2. 2022Active CT Reconstruction with a Learned Sampling Policycited by 3
  3. 2022Med-Query: Steerable Parsing of 9-DoF Medical Anatomies with Query Embeddingcited by 3
  4. 2024SpineCLUE: Automatic Vertebrae Identification Using Contrastive Learning and Uncertainty Estimationcited by 3
  5. 2024A novel open-source ultrasound dataset with deep learning benchmarks for spinal cord injury localization and anatomical segmentationcited by 3
  6. 2024Domain adaptation strategies for 3D reconstruction of the lumbar spine using real fluoroscopy datacited by 2
  7. 2026Towards Next-Generation Healthcare: A Survey of Medical Embodied AI for Perception, Decision-Making, and Actioncited by 2
  8. 2024Multi-view X-ray Image Synthesis with Multiple Domain Disentanglement from CT Scanscited by 1
  9. 2024SpineMamba: Enhancing 3D Spinal Segmentation in Clinical Imaging through Residual Visual Mamba Layers and Shape Priorscited by 1
  10. 2025Intraoperative 2D/3D Registration via Spherical Similarity Learning and Differentiable Levenberg-Marquardt Optimizationcited by 1
  11. 2025CardioComposer: Leveraging Differentiable Geometry for Compositional Control of Anatomical Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  12. 2026LayersReg: A Layer-by-Layer Progressive Regressor for Reliable Intraoperative 3D/2D Registrationcited by 1
  13. 2023Benchmarking Encoder-Decoder Architectures for Biplanar X-ray to 3D Shape Reconstructioncited by 0
  14. 2024EAR: Edge-Aware Reconstruction of 3-D vertebrae structures from bi-planar X-ray imagescited by 0
  15. 2024SegBook: A Simple Baseline and Cookbook for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  16. 2024MozzaVID: Mozzarella Volumetric Image Datasetcited by 0
  17. 2025Latent Space Consistency for Sparse-View CT Reconstructioncited by 0
  18. 2025Anatomica: Localized Control over Geometric and Topological Properties for Anatomical Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  19. 20253D Path Planning for Robot-assisted Vertebroplasty from Arbitrary Bi-plane X-ray via Differentiable Renderingcited by 0
  20. 2026Tracing 3D Anatomy in 2D Strokes: A Multi-Stage Projection Driven Approach to Cervical Spine Fracture Identificationcited by 0
  21. 2026Bonnet: Ultra-fast whole-body bone segmentation from CT scanscited by 0
  22. 2026SCOUT: Fast Spectral CT Imaging in Ultra LOw-data Regimes via PseUdo-label GeneraTioncited by 0
  23. 2026VoDaSuRe: A Large-Scale Dataset Revealing Domain Shift in Volumetric Super-Resolutioncited by 0
  24. 2026Conditional Diffusion Posterior Alignment for Sparse-View CT Reconstructioncited by 0
  25. 2026FrequencyCT: Frequency Domain Self-supervised Low-dose CT Denoisingcited by 0
  26. 2026SpineContextResUNet: A Computationally Efficient Residual UNet for Spine CT Segmentationcited by 0
  27. 2026PSCT-Net: Geometry-Aware Pediatric Skull CT Reconstruction via Differentiable Back-Projection and Attention-Guided Refinementcited by 0
  28. 2026UniSpine-GS: An Efficient Physics-Aware Gaussian Framework for Cross-Modality Multi-view Spine Image Synthesiscited by 0
  29. 2026SLIP: Segmentation with Low-latency Interactive Prompting for 3D Medical Imagescited by 0
  30. 2026SCMA: Structure-Conditioned and Metal-Aware Flow Matching for CT Metal Artifact Reductioncited by 0
  31. 2026UBone3D: Physics-Rectified Conditional Flow Matching for Anatomical 3D Shape Completion from Ultrasoundcited by 0
  32. 2026CTSpinoPelvic1K: spine, pelvis, ribs and femora in one coordinate frame, annotated for lumbosacral transitional anatomycited by 0
  33. 2026TomoTransformer: Towards a Foundation Model for CT Reconstructioncited by 0