mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

COSA: Concatenated Sample Pretrained Vision-Language Foundation Model

arXiv 2306.09085 ↗First posted 15 Jun 2023cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 11

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Due to the limited scale and quality of video-text training corpus, most vision-language foundation models employ image-text datasets for pretraining and primarily focus on modeling visually semantic representations while disregarding temporal semantic representations and correlations. To address this issue, we propose COSA, a COncatenated SAmple pretrained vision-language foundation model. COSA jointly models visual contents and event-level temporal cues using only image-text corpora. We achieve this by sequentially concatenating multiple image-text pairs as inputs for pretraining. This transformation effectively converts existing image-text corpora into a pseudo long-form video-paragraph corpus, enabling richer scene transformations and explicit event-description correspondence. Extensive experiments demonstrate that COSA consistently improves performance across a broad range of downstream tasks, including long-form/short-form video-text tasks and image-text tasks such as retrieval, captioning, and question answering. Notably, COSA achieves state-of-the-art results on various competitive benchmarks. Code and model are released at https://github.com/TXH-mercury/COSA.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 74 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jun 2023.

Builds on

74 of 82 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning29 Apr
  2. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation28 Jan
  3. 2021SimVLM: Simple Visual Language Model Pretraining with Weak Supervision24 Aug

Other references · 71

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38 more
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 4; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

11 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024COSMO: COntrastive Streamlined MultimOdal Model with Interleaved Pre-Training
  2. 2023A Survey of Vision-Language Pre-training from the Lens of Multimodal Machine Translation
  3. 2024CogVLM2: Visual Language Models for Image and Video Understanding
  4. 2023Stop Pre-Training: Adapt Visual-Language Models to Unseen Languages
  5. 2023CiT: Curation in Training for Effective Vision-Language Data
  6. 2026MultiModal Code-Switching: Interleaving Visual Objects into Language for Explicit Object-Level Alignment
  7. 2025CoViPAL: Layer-wise Contextualized Visual Token Pruning for Large Vision-Language Models
  8. 2026Beyond Language Modeling: An Exploration of Multimodal Pretraining