Towards a Robust Detection of Language Model Generated Text: Is ChatGPT that Easy to Detect?
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have led to the development of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT. This paper proposes a methodology for developing and evaluating ChatGPT detectors for French text, with a focus on investigating their robustness on out-of-domain data and against common attack schemes. The proposed method involves translating an English dataset into French and training a classifier on the translated data. Results show that the detectors can effectively detect ChatGPT-generated text, with a degree of robustness against basic attack techniques in in-domain settings. However, vulnerabilities are evident in out-of-domain contexts, highlighting the challenge of detecting adversarial text. The study emphasizes caution when applying in-domain testing results to a wider variety of content. We provide our translated datasets and models as open-source resources. https://gitlab.inria.fr/wantoun/robust-chatgpt-detection
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2023.
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29 of 40 references.
References · 29
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 9; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.
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- 2023A Survey on LLM-Generated Text Detection: Necessity, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 105
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- 2023From Text to Source: Results in Detecting Large Language Model-Generated Contentcited by 26
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- 2023Detecting ChatGPT: A Survey of the State of Detecting ChatGPT-Generated Textcited by 10
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- 2025Increasing the Robustness of the Fine-tuned Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detectorscited by 8
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- 2024Survey on Plagiarism Detection in Large Language Models: The Impact of ChatGPT and Gemini on Academic Integritycited by 5
- 2025A Lightweight Approach to Detection of AI-Generated Texts Using Stylometric Featurescited by 5
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- 2026Different Time, Different Language: Revisiting the Bias Against Non-Native Speakers in GPT Detectorscited by 2
- 2023Beyond Turing: A Comparative Analysis of Approaches for Detecting Machine-Generated Textcited by 1
- 2024Politicians vs ChatGPT. A study of presuppositions in French and Italian political communicationcited by 1
- 2023Exploring the Capabilities of ChatGPT in Ancient Chinese Translation and Person Name Recognitioncited by 0
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- 2025IntegrityAI at GenAI Detection Task 2: Detecting Machine-Generated Academic Essays in English and Arabic Using ELECTRA and Stylometrycited by 0
- 2026DependencyAI: Detecting AI Generated Text through Dependency Parsingcited by 0
- 2026IndicDetect: Evaluating Cross-Lingual LLM-Generated Text Detection for Hindi, Telugu, and Tamilcited by 0
- 2026IndicDetect: Evaluating Cross-Lingual LLM-Generated Text Detection for Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil30 Aug 2026
- 2026DependencyAI: Detecting AI Generated Text through Dependency Parsing17 Feb 2026
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- 2025A Lightweight Approach to Detection of AI-Generated Texts Using Stylometric Features22 Nov 2025
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?23 Oct 2025
- 2025Tracing Thought: Using Chain-of-Thought Reasoning to Identify the LLM Behind AI-Generated Text23 Apr 2025
- 2025Increasing the Robustness of the Fine-tuned Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detectors19 Mar 2025
- 2025IntegrityAI at GenAI Detection Task 2: Detecting Machine-Generated Academic Essays in English and Arabic Using ELECTRA and Stylometry7 Jan 2025
- 2025Not all tokens are created equal: Perplexity Attention Weighted Networks for AI generated text detection7 Jan 2025
- 2024Politicians vs ChatGPT. A study of presuppositions in French and Italian political communication27 Nov 2024
- 2024GPT as ghostwriter at the White House27 Nov 2024
- 2024GigaCheck: Detecting LLM-generated Content via Object-Centric Span Localization31 Oct 2024
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- 2024Survey on Plagiarism Detection in Large Language Models: The Impact of ChatGPT and Gemini on Academic Integrity4 Jun 2024
- 2024MAiDE-up: Multilingual Deception Detection of GPT-generated Hotel Reviews19 Apr 2024
- 2024Securing Large Language Models: Threats, Vulnerabilities and Responsible Practices19 Mar 2024
- 2024Decoding the AI Pen: Techniques and Challenges in Detecting AI-Generated Text9 Mar 2024
- 2024Threads of Subtlety: Detecting Machine-Generated Texts Through Discourse Motifs16 Feb 2024
- 2024Hidding the Ghostwriters: An Adversarial Evaluation of AI-Generated Student Essay Detection1 Feb 2024
- 2023Exploring the Capabilities of ChatGPT in Ancient Chinese Translation and Person Name Recognition23 Dec 2023
- 2023Beyond Turing: A Comparative Analysis of Approaches for Detecting Machine-Generated Text21 Nov 2023
- 2023A Survey on LLM-Generated Text Detection: Necessity, Methods, and Future Directions23 Oct 2023
- 2023From Text to Source: Results in Detecting Large Language Model-Generated Content23 Sep 2023
- 2023Detecting ChatGPT: A Survey of the State of Detecting ChatGPT-Generated Text14 Sep 2023
- 2023A Survey on LLM-Generated Text Detection: Necessity, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 105
- 2024Securing Large Language Models: Threats, Vulnerabilities and Responsible Practicescited by 37
- 2024Threads of Subtlety: Detecting Machine-Generated Texts Through Discourse Motifscited by 18
- 2024Decoding the AI Pen: Techniques and Challenges in Detecting AI-Generated Textcited by 14
- 2023Detecting ChatGPT: A Survey of the State of Detecting ChatGPT-Generated Textcited by 10
- 2024Hidding the Ghostwriters: An Adversarial Evaluation of AI-Generated Student Essay Detectioncited by 10
- 2024MAiDE-up: Multilingual Deception Detection of GPT-generated Hotel Reviewscited by 5
- 2024Survey on Plagiarism Detection in Large Language Models: The Impact of ChatGPT and Gemini on Academic Integritycited by 5
- 2025A Lightweight Approach to Detection of AI-Generated Texts Using Stylometric Featurescited by 5
- 2024GigaCheck: Detecting LLM-generated Content via Object-Centric Span Localizationcited by 3
- 2025Not all tokens are created equal: Perplexity Attention Weighted Networks for AI generated text detectioncited by 3
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?cited by 3
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026IndicDetect: Evaluating Cross-Lingual LLM-Generated Text Detection for Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil30 Aug 2026
- 2026DependencyAI: Detecting AI Generated Text through Dependency Parsing17 Feb 2026
- 2026Different Time, Different Language: Revisiting the Bias Against Non-Native Speakers in GPT Detectors5 Feb 2026
- 2025A Lightweight Approach to Detection of AI-Generated Texts Using Stylometric Features22 Nov 2025
- 2025On the Detectability of LLM-Generated Text: What Exactly Is LLM-Generated Text?23 Oct 2025
- 2025IntegrityAI at GenAI Detection Task 2: Detecting Machine-Generated Academic Essays in English and Arabic Using ELECTRA and Stylometry7 Jan 2025
- 2025Not all tokens are created equal: Perplexity Attention Weighted Networks for AI generated text detection7 Jan 2025
- 2024Politicians vs ChatGPT. A study of presuppositions in French and Italian political communication27 Nov 2024
- 2024GPT as ghostwriter at the White House27 Nov 2024
- 2024GigaCheck: Detecting LLM-generated Content via Object-Centric Span Localization31 Oct 2024
- 2024Survey on Plagiarism Detection in Large Language Models: The Impact of ChatGPT and Gemini on Academic Integrity4 Jun 2024
- 2024MAiDE-up: Multilingual Deception Detection of GPT-generated Hotel Reviews19 Apr 2024
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)