Do prompt positions really matter?
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Prompt-based models have gathered a lot of attention from researchers due to their remarkable advancements in the fields of zero-shot and few-shot learning. Developing an effective prompt template plays a critical role. However, prior studies have mainly focused on prompt vocabulary searching or embedding initialization within a predefined template with the prompt position fixed. In this empirical study, we conduct the most comprehensive analysis to date of prompt position for diverse Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Our findings quantify the substantial impact prompt position has on model performance. We observe that the prompt positions used in prior studies are often sub-optimal, and this observation is consistent even in widely used instruction-tuned models. These findings suggest prompt position optimisation as a valuable research direction to augment prompt engineering methodologies and prompt position-aware instruction tuning as a potential way to build more robust models in the future.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2023.
Builds on
26 of 40 references.
References · 26
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
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- 2021Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Modelscited by 1,371
14 more
- 2017Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networkscited by 1,281
- 2020Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Few-shot Learnerscited by 1,255
- 2021Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order Sensitivitycited by 1,122
- 2022Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineerscited by 1,020
- 2020Exploiting Cloze Questions for Few Shot Text Classification and Natural Language Inferencecited by 934
- 2018Adafactor: Adaptive Learning Rates with Sublinear Memory Costcited by 896
- 2021GPT Understands, Toocited by 715
- 2021P-Tuning v2: Prompt Tuning Can Be Comparable to Fine-tuning Universally Across Scales and Taskscited by 686
- 2020It's Not Just Size That Matters: Small Language Models Are Also Few-Shot Learnerscited by 668
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- 2021OpenPrompt: An Open-source Framework for Prompt-learningcited by 148
- 2022IDPG: An Instance-Dependent Prompt Generation Methodcited by 43
- 2022MEAL: Stable and Active Learning for Few-Shot Promptingcited by 20
- 2023Dynamic Prompting: A Unified Framework for Prompt Tuningcited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 3.
5 papers.
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- 2024Label Set Optimization via Activation Distribution Kurtosis for Zero-shot Classification with Generative Modelscited by 0
- 2025Evaluating the Robustness of Retrieval-Augmented Generation to Adversarial Evidence in the Health Domain4 Sep 2025
- 2025What Makes a Good Natural Language Prompt?7 Jun 2025
- 2025No Need for Explanations: LLMs can implicitly learn from mistakes in-context12 Feb 2025
- 2024Label Set Optimization via Activation Distribution Kurtosis for Zero-shot Classification with Generative Models24 Oct 2024
- 2024Graph-enhanced Large Language Models in Asynchronous Plan Reasoning5 Feb 2024