New Adversarial Image Detection Based on Sentiment Analysis
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples, while adversarial attack models, e.g., DeepFool, are on the rise and outrunning adversarial example detection techniques. This paper presents a new adversarial example detector that outperforms state-of-the-art detectors in identifying the latest adversarial attacks on image datasets. Specifically, we propose to use sentiment analysis for adversarial example detection, qualified by the progressively manifesting impact of an adversarial perturbation on the hidden-layer feature maps of a DNN under attack. Accordingly, we design a modularized embedding layer with the minimum learnable parameters to embed the hidden-layer feature maps into word vectors and assemble sentences ready for sentiment analysis. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the new detector consistently surpasses the state-of-the-art detection algorithms in detecting the latest attacks launched against ResNet and Inception neutral networks on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and SVHN datasets. The detector only has about 2 million parameters, and takes shorter than 4.6 milliseconds to detect an adversarial example generated by the latest attack models using a Tesla K80 GPU card.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 May 2023.
Builds on
25 of 43 references.
References · 25
- 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
- 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,415
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- 2016Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networkscited by 2,998
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- 2015DeepFool: a simple and accurate method to fool deep neural networkscited by 1,318
- 2014Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classificationcited by 1,127
- 2015The Limitations of Deep Learning in Adversarial Settingscited by 790
- 2019Square Attack: a query-efficient black-box adversarial attack via random searchcited by 685
- 2016TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systemscited by 664
- 2020On Adaptive Attacks to Adversarial Example Defensescited by 555
13 more
- 2019Minimally distorted Adversarial Examples with a Fast Adaptive Boundary Attackcited by 334
- 2018Characterizing Adversarial Subspaces Using Local Intrinsic Dimensionalitycited by 282
- 2017On Detecting Adversarial Perturbationscited by 232
- 2018Adversarial Robustness Toolbox v1.0.0cited by 215
- 2018Deep k-Nearest Neighbors: Towards Confident, Interpretable and Robust Deep Learningcited by 207
- 2020Torchattacks: A PyTorch Repository for Adversarial Attackscited by 158
- 2017EAD: Elastic-Net Attacks to Deep Neural Networks via Adversarial Examplescited by 155
- 2020Towards Transferable Adversarial Attack against Deep Face Recognitioncited by 80
- 2019Detecting Adversarial Samples Using Influence Functions and Nearest Neighborscited by 72
- 2020t-viSNE: Interactive Assessment and Interpretation of t-SNE Projectionscited by 43
- 2018Understanding Convolutional Neural Networks with Information Theory: An Initial Explorationcited by 32
- 2019Are Self-Driving Cars Secure? Evasion Attacks against Deep Neural Networks for Steering Angle Predictioncited by 16
- 2022Be Your Own Neighborhood: Detecting Adversarial Example by the Neighborhood Relations Built on Self-Supervised Learningcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
6 papers.
- 2023Over-The-Air Federated Learning: Status Quo, Open Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 21
- 2023Data and Model Poisoning Backdoor Attacks on Wireless Federated Learning, and the Defense Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
- 2025AutoAdvExBench: Benchmarking autonomous exploitation of adversarial example defensescited by 15
- 2024Fortify the Guardian, Not the Treasure: Resilient Adversarial Detectorscited by 4
- 2023Fight Fire with Fire: Combating Adversarial Patch Attacks using Pattern-randomized Defensive Patchescited by 1
- 2024AED-PADA:Improving Generalizability of Adversarial Example Detection via Principal Adversarial Domain Adaptationcited by 0
- 2025AutoAdvExBench: Benchmarking autonomous exploitation of adversarial example defenses3 Mar 2025
- 2024AED-PADA:Improving Generalizability of Adversarial Example Detection via Principal Adversarial Domain Adaptation19 Apr 2024
- 2024Fortify the Guardian, Not the Treasure: Resilient Adversarial Detectors18 Apr 2024
- 2023Data and Model Poisoning Backdoor Attacks on Wireless Federated Learning, and the Defense Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Survey14 Dec 2023
- 2023Fight Fire with Fire: Combating Adversarial Patch Attacks using Pattern-randomized Defensive Patches10 Nov 2023
- 2023Over-The-Air Federated Learning: Status Quo, Open Challenges, and Future Directions3 Jul 2023