Measuring Massive Multitask Chinese Understanding
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Abstract (arXiv)
The development of large-scale Chinese language models is flourishing, yet there is a lack of corresponding capability assessments. Therefore, we propose a test to measure the multitask accuracy of large Chinese language models. This test encompasses four major domains, including medicine, law, psychology, and education, with 15 subtasks in medicine and 8 subtasks in education. We found that the best-performing models in the zero-shot setting outperformed the worst-performing models by nearly 18.6 percentage points on average. Across the four major domains, the highest average zero-shot accuracy of all models is 0.512. In the subdomains, only the GPT-3.5-turbo model achieved a zero-shot accuracy of 0.693 in clinical medicine, which was the highest accuracy among all models across all subtasks. All models performed poorly in the legal domain, with the highest zero-shot accuracy reaching only 0.239. By comprehensively evaluating the breadth and depth of knowledge across multiple disciplines, this test can more accurately identify the shortcomings of the models.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 3 of its 6 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2023.
Builds on
3 of 6 references.
References · 3
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
- 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,031
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 13; 2024: 7; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
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- 2023CValues: Measuring the Values of Chinese Large Language Models from Safety to Responsibility19 Jul 2023
- 2023CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinese15 Jun 2023
- 2023Xiezhi: An Ever-Updating Benchmark for Holistic Domain Knowledge Evaluation9 Jun 2023
- 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models on CMExam -- A Comprehensive Chinese Medical Exam Dataset5 Jun 2023
- 2023M3KE: A Massive Multi-Level Multi-Subject Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Chinese Large Language Models17 May 2023
- 2023C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Models15 May 2023
- 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,212
- 2026ERNIE 5.0 Technical Reportcited by 11
- 2026ERNIE 5.0 Technical Report4 Feb 2026
- 2023C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Modelscited by 708
- 2023CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinesecited by 449
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 202
- 2023SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of Large Language Modelscited by 199
- 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models on CMExam -- A Comprehensive Chinese Medical Exam Datasetcited by 91
- 2023CValues: Measuring the Values of Chinese Large Language Models from Safety to Responsibilitycited by 85
- 2023Xiezhi: An Ever-Updating Benchmark for Holistic Domain Knowledge Evaluationcited by 52
- 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Quantization Strategies for Large Language Modelscited by 48
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Surveycited by 34
- 2023DialogBench: Evaluating LLMs as Human-like Dialogue Systemscited by 31
- 2023M3KE: A Massive Multi-Level Multi-Subject Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Chinese Large Language Modelscited by 30
- 2023An Empirical Study of Instruction-tuning Large Language Models in Chinesecited by 17
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2025EduEval: A Hierarchical Cognitive Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Chinese Education29 Nov 2025
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- 2025AECBench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Knowledge Evaluation of Large Language Models in the AEC Field23 Sep 2025
- 2025Identity Lock: Locking API Fine-tuned LLMs With Identity-based Wake Words10 Mar 2025
- 2024Dr.Academy: A Benchmark for Evaluating Questioning Capability in Education for Large Language Models20 Aug 2024
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Survey12 May 2024
- 2024Online Training of Large Language Models: Learn while chatting4 Mar 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Quantization Strategies for Large Language Models26 Feb 2024
- 2024E-EVAL: A Comprehensive Chinese K-12 Education Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models29 Jan 2024
- 2023DialogBench: Evaluating LLMs as Human-like Dialogue Systems3 Nov 2023
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey30 Oct 2023
- 2023An Empirical Study of Instruction-tuning Large Language Models in Chinese11 Oct 2023
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)