Will Affective Computing Emerge from Foundation Models and General AI? A First Evaluation on ChatGPT
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Abstract (arXiv)
ChatGPT has shown the potential of emerging general artificial intelligence capabilities, as it has demonstrated competent performance across many natural language processing tasks. In this work, we evaluate the capabilities of ChatGPT to perform text classification on three affective computing problems, namely, big-five personality prediction, sentiment analysis, and suicide tendency detection. We utilise three baselines, a robust language model (RoBERTa-base), a legacy word model with pretrained embeddings (Word2Vec), and a simple bag-of-words baseline (BoW). Results show that the RoBERTa trained for a specific downstream task generally has a superior performance. On the other hand, ChatGPT provides decent results, and is relatively comparable to the Word2Vec and BoW baselines. ChatGPT further shows robustness against noisy data, where Word2Vec models achieve worse results due to noise. Results indicate that ChatGPT is a good generalist model that is capable of achieving good results across various problems without any specialised training, however, it is not as good as a specialised model for a downstream task.
Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2023.
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13 of 31 references.
References · 13
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- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
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- 2023Is ChatGPT a General-Purpose Natural Language Processing Task Solver?cited by 488
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1 more
- 2019Sentiment and Sarcasm Classification with Multitask Learningcited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 22; 2024: 14; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
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- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
- 2024Leak, Cheat, Repeat: Data Contamination and Evaluation Malpractices in Closed-Source LLMscited by 229
- 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learningcited by 206
- 2023Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Modelscited by 154
- 2023CoAnnotating: Uncertainty-Guided Work Allocation between Human and Large Language Models for Data Annotationcited by 94
- 2023Mental-LLM: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction via Online Text Datacited by 66
- 2023Emotional Intelligence of Large Language Modelscited by 58
- 2024The opportunities and risks of large language models in mental healthcited by 54
- 2023Towards Interpretable Mental Health Analysis with Large Language Modelscited by 53
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactionscited by 46
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Surveycited by 34
- 2023A Wide Evaluation of ChatGPT on Affective Computing Taskscited by 30
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- 2023Fine-grained Affective Processing Capabilities Emerging from Large Language Modelscited by 24
- 2024Understanding the Therapeutic Relationship between Counselors and Clients in Online Text-based Counseling using LLMscited by 19
- 2023Decoding ChatGPT: A Taxonomy of Existing Research, Current Challenges, and Possible Future Directionscited by 18
- 2023PsyEval: A Suite of Mental Health Related Tasks for Evaluating Large Language Modelscited by 13
- 2023Bias in Emotion Recognition with ChatGPTcited by 11
- 2023From Classification to Clinical Insights: Towards Analyzing and Reasoning About Mobile and Behavioral Health Data With Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2023Towards a Psychological Generalist AI: A Survey of Current Applications of Large Language Models and Future Prospectscited by 8
- 2024On Prompt Sensitivity of ChatGPT in Affective Computingcited by 7
- 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Mental Illnessescited by 7
- 2023Can ChatGPT's Responses Boost Traditional Natural Language Processing?cited by 6
- 2023From Big to Small Without Losing It All: Text Augmentation with ChatGPT for Efficient Sentiment Analysiscited by 6
- 2024On the State of NLP Approaches to Modeling Depression in Social Media: A Post-COVID-19 Outlookcited by 6
- 2025Human Behavior Atlas: Benchmarking Unified Psychological and Social Behavior Understandingcited by 6
- 2023Utilizing ChatGPT Generated Data to Retrieve Depression Symptoms from Social Mediacited by 5
- 2024APT-Pipe: A Prompt-Tuning Tool for Social Data Annotation using ChatGPTcited by 5
- 2025Emotions in the Loop: A Survey of Affective Computing for Emotional Supportcited by 5
- 2023ConceptPsy:A Benchmark Suite with Conceptual Comprehensiveness in Psychologycited by 2
- 2024CoT-Driven Framework for Short Text Classification: Enhancing and Transferring Capabilities from Large to Smaller Modelcited by 2
- 2025Behind the Screens: Uncovering Bias in AI-Driven Video Interview Assessments Using Counterfactualscited by 2
- 2025Can Large Language Models Generate Effective Datasets for Emotion Recognition in Conversations?cited by 2
- 2023A Soft Contrastive Learning-based Prompt Model for Few-shot Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
- 2024A Dual-Prompting for Interpretable Mental Health Language Modelscited by 1
- 2024VCounselor: A Psychological Intervention Chat Agent Based on a Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Modelcited by 1
- 2024A Multi-Agent Dual Dialogue System to Support Mental Health Care Providerscited by 1
- 2024PALLM: Evaluating and Enhancing PALLiative Care Conversations with Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026LiFT: How to Enable In-Context Learning for Longitudinal Modellingcited by 0
- 2026LiFT: How to Enable In-Context Learning for Longitudinal Modelling25 Mar 2026
- 2025Human Behavior Atlas: Benchmarking Unified Psychological and Social Behavior Understanding6 Oct 2025
- 2025Can Large Language Models Generate Effective Datasets for Emotion Recognition in Conversations?7 Aug 2025
- 2025Behind the Screens: Uncovering Bias in AI-Driven Video Interview Assessments Using Counterfactuals17 May 2025
- 2025Emotions in the Loop: A Survey of Affective Computing for Emotional Support2 May 2025
- 2024A Multi-Agent Dual Dialogue System to Support Mental Health Care Providers27 Nov 2024
- 2024On the State of NLP Approaches to Modeling Depression in Social Media: A Post-COVID-19 Outlook11 Oct 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Mental Illnesses24 Sep 2024
- 2024PALLM: Evaluating and Enhancing PALLiative Care Conversations with Large Language Models23 Sep 2024
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactions9 Jun 2024
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Survey12 May 2024
- 2024The opportunities and risks of large language models in mental health21 Mar 2024
29 more
- 2024On Prompt Sensitivity of ChatGPT in Affective Computing20 Mar 2024
- 2024VCounselor: A Psychological Intervention Chat Agent Based on a Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Model20 Mar 2024
- 2024A Dual-Prompting for Interpretable Mental Health Language Models20 Feb 2024
- 2024Understanding the Therapeutic Relationship between Counselors and Clients in Online Text-based Counseling using LLMs19 Feb 2024
- 2024Leak, Cheat, Repeat: Data Contamination and Evaluation Malpractices in Closed-Source LLMs6 Feb 2024
- 2024APT-Pipe: A Prompt-Tuning Tool for Social Data Annotation using ChatGPT24 Jan 2024
- 2024CoT-Driven Framework for Short Text Classification: Enhancing and Transferring Capabilities from Large to Smaller Model6 Jan 2024
- 2023A Soft Contrastive Learning-based Prompt Model for Few-shot Sentiment Analysis16 Dec 2023
- 2023Large Language Models are Complex Table Parsers13 Dec 2023
- 2023From Big to Small Without Losing It All: Text Augmentation with ChatGPT for Efficient Sentiment Analysis7 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards a Psychological Generalist AI: A Survey of Current Applications of Large Language Models and Future Prospects1 Dec 2023
- 2023From Classification to Clinical Insights: Towards Analyzing and Reasoning About Mobile and Behavioral Health Data With Large Language Models21 Nov 2023
- 2023ConceptPsy:A Benchmark Suite with Conceptual Comprehensiveness in Psychology16 Nov 2023
- 2023PsyEval: A Suite of Mental Health Related Tasks for Evaluating Large Language Models15 Nov 2023
- 2023CoAnnotating: Uncertainty-Guided Work Allocation between Human and Large Language Models for Data Annotation24 Oct 2023
- 2023Bias in Emotion Recognition with ChatGPT18 Oct 2023
- 2023Fine-grained Affective Processing Capabilities Emerging from Large Language Models4 Sep 2023
- 2023A Wide Evaluation of ChatGPT on Affective Computing Tasks26 Aug 2023
- 2023Mental-LLM: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction via Online Text Data26 Jul 2023
- 2023Decoding ChatGPT: A Taxonomy of Existing Research, Current Challenges, and Possible Future Directions26 Jul 2023
- 2023Emotional Intelligence of Large Language Models18 Jul 2023
- 2023Can ChatGPT's Responses Boost Traditional Natural Language Processing?6 Jul 2023
- 2023Utilizing ChatGPT Generated Data to Retrieve Depression Symptoms from Social Media5 Jul 2023
- 2023CAT: A Contextualized Conceptualization and Instantiation Framework for Commonsense Reasoning8 May 2023
- 2023Domain-specific Continued Pretraining of Language Models for Capturing Long Context in Mental Health20 Apr 2023
- 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learning12 Apr 2023
- 2023Towards Interpretable Mental Health Analysis with Large Language Models6 Apr 2023
- 2023Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Models4 Apr 2023
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models31 Mar 2023
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
- 2024Leak, Cheat, Repeat: Data Contamination and Evaluation Malpractices in Closed-Source LLMscited by 229
- 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learningcited by 206
- 2023Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Modelscited by 154
- 2023CoAnnotating: Uncertainty-Guided Work Allocation between Human and Large Language Models for Data Annotationcited by 94
- 2023Mental-LLM: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction via Online Text Datacited by 66
- 2023Emotional Intelligence of Large Language Modelscited by 58
- 2024The opportunities and risks of large language models in mental healthcited by 54
- 2023Towards Interpretable Mental Health Analysis with Large Language Modelscited by 53
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactionscited by 46
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Surveycited by 34
- 2023A Wide Evaluation of ChatGPT on Affective Computing Taskscited by 30
12 most cited of 36 All 36 (JSON)
- 2026LiFT: How to Enable In-Context Learning for Longitudinal Modelling25 Mar 2026
- 2025Human Behavior Atlas: Benchmarking Unified Psychological and Social Behavior Understanding6 Oct 2025
- 2025Can Large Language Models Generate Effective Datasets for Emotion Recognition in Conversations?7 Aug 2025
- 2025Behind the Screens: Uncovering Bias in AI-Driven Video Interview Assessments Using Counterfactuals17 May 2025
- 2025Emotions in the Loop: A Survey of Affective Computing for Emotional Support2 May 2025
- 2024On the State of NLP Approaches to Modeling Depression in Social Media: A Post-COVID-19 Outlook11 Oct 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Mental Illnesses24 Sep 2024
- 2024PALLM: Evaluating and Enhancing PALLiative Care Conversations with Large Language Models23 Sep 2024
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactions9 Jun 2024
- 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Survey12 May 2024
- 2024The opportunities and risks of large language models in mental health21 Mar 2024
- 2024On Prompt Sensitivity of ChatGPT in Affective Computing20 Mar 2024
12 newest of 36 All 36 (JSON)