Over-Sampling Strategy in Feature Space for Graphs based Class-imbalanced Bot Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
The presence of a large number of bots in Online Social Networks (OSN) leads to undesirable social effects. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are effective in detecting bots as they utilize user interactions. However, class-imbalanced issues can affect bot detection performance. To address this, we propose an over-sampling strategy for GNNs (OS-GNN) that generates samples for the minority class without edge synthesis. First, node features are mapped to a feature space through neighborhood aggregation. Then, we generate samples for the minority class in the feature space. Finally, the augmented features are used to train the classifiers. This framework is general and can be easily extended into different GNN architectures. The proposed framework is evaluated using three real-world bot detection benchmark datasets, and it consistently exhibits superiority over the baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Feb 2023.
Builds on
24 of 42 references.
References · 24
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12 more
- 2021TwiBot-20: A Comprehensive Twitter Bot Detection Benchmarkcited by 51
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
7 papers.
- 2024BotDGT: Dynamicity-aware Social Bot Detection with Dynamic Graph Transformerscited by 10
- 2023RF-GNN: Random Forest Boosted Graph Neural Network for Social Bot Detectioncited by 5
- 2023Muti-scale Graph Neural Network with Signed-attention for Social Bot Detection: A Frequency Perspectivecited by 2
- 2024Class-Balanced and Reinforced Active Learning on Graphscited by 1
- 2025Graph-based Fake Account Detection: A Surveycited by 1
- 2023Social Media Bot Detection using Dropout-GANcited by 0
- 2024HyperSMOTE: A Hypergraph-based Oversampling Approach for Imbalanced Node Classificationscited by 0
- 2025Graph-based Fake Account Detection: A Survey9 Jul 2025
- 2024HyperSMOTE: A Hypergraph-based Oversampling Approach for Imbalanced Node Classifications9 Sep 2024
- 2024BotDGT: Dynamicity-aware Social Bot Detection with Dynamic Graph Transformers23 Apr 2024
- 2024Class-Balanced and Reinforced Active Learning on Graphs15 Feb 2024
- 2023Social Media Bot Detection using Dropout-GAN9 Nov 2023
- 2023Muti-scale Graph Neural Network with Signed-attention for Social Bot Detection: A Frequency Perspective5 Jul 2023
- 2023RF-GNN: Random Forest Boosted Graph Neural Network for Social Bot Detection14 Apr 2023