A Survey on Deep Learning based Time Series Analysis with Frequency Transformation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, frequency transformation (FT) has been increasingly incorporated into deep learning models to significantly enhance state-of-the-art accuracy and efficiency in time series analysis. The advantages of FT, such as high efficiency and a global view, have been rapidly explored and exploited in various time series tasks and applications, demonstrating the promising potential of FT as a new deep learning paradigm for time series analysis. Despite the growing attention and the proliferation of research in this emerging field, there is currently a lack of a systematic review and in-depth analysis of deep learning-based time series models with FT. It is also unclear why FT can enhance time series analysis and what its limitations are in the field. To address these gaps, we present a comprehensive review that systematically investigates and summarizes the recent research advancements in deep learning-based time series analysis with FT. Specifically, we explore the primary approaches used in current models that incorporate FT, the types of neural networks that leverage FT, and the representative FT-equipped models in deep time series analysis. We propose a novel taxonomy to categorize the existing methods in this field, providing a structured overview of the diverse approaches employed in incorporating FT into deep learning models for time series analysis. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of FT for time series modeling and identify potential future research directions that can further contribute to the community of time series analysis.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 95 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Feb 2023.
Builds on
40 of 95 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 13; 2025: 12; 2026: 11.
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- 2024Deep Time Series Models: A Comprehensive Survey and Benchmarkcited by 191
- 2023Frequency-domain MLPs are More Effective Learners in Time Series Forecastingcited by 170
- 2023FourierGNN: Rethinking Multivariate Time Series Forecasting from a Pure Graph Perspectivecited by 126
- 2024FilterNet: Harnessing Frequency Filters for Time Series Forecastingcited by 44
- 2024Time Series Diffusion in the Frequency Domaincited by 35
- 2024Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Surveycited by 28
- 2025Amplifier: Bringing Attention to Neglected Low-Energy Components in Time Series Forecastingcited by 23
- 2025FreEformer: Frequency Enhanced Transformer for Multivariate Time Series Forecastingcited by 18
- 2024Deep Frequency Derivative Learning for Non-stationary Time Series Forecastingcited by 13
- 2025DistDF: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Joint-Distribution Wasserstein Alignmentcited by 13
- 2025Time Series Analysis in Frequency Domain: A Survey of Open Challenges, Opportunities and Benchmarkscited by 10
- 2023Lite-Mind: Towards Efficient and Robust Brain Representation Networkcited by 6
28 more
- 2024Not All Frequencies Are Created Equal:Towards a Dynamic Fusion of Frequencies in Time-Series Forecastingcited by 6
- 2025SEMPO: Lightweight Foundation Models for Time Series Forecastingcited by 6
- 2025DeepFilter: A Transformer-style Framework for Accurate and Efficient Process Monitoringcited by 5
- 2025ReFocus: Reinforcing Mid-Frequency and Key-Frequency Modeling for Multivariate Time Series Forecastingcited by 5
- 2026Spectral Text Fusion: A Frequency-Aware Approach to Multimodal Time-Series Forecastingcited by 5
- 2024Phase-driven Domain Generalizable Learning for Nonstationary Time Seriescited by 4
- 2024Beyond Data Scarcity: A Frequency-Driven Framework for Zero-Shot Forecastingcited by 4
- 2025Multi-Order Wavelet Derivative Transform for Deep Time Series Forecastingcited by 4
- 2024Interpretable Multivariate Time Series Forecasting Using Neural Fourier Transformcited by 3
- 2024Signal-SGN: A Spiking Graph Convolutional Network for Skeletal Action Recognition via Learning Temporal-Frequency Dynamicscited by 2
- 2023Dynamic Size Message Scheduling for Multi-Agent Communication under Limited Bandwidthcited by 1
- 2024Membership Inference Attacks Against Time-Series Modelscited by 1
- 2024Robust Multivariate Time Series Forecasting against Intra- and Inter-Series Transitional Shiftcited by 1
- 2026FreqCycle: A Multi-Scale Time-Frequency Analysis Method for Time Series Forecastingcited by 1
- 2026FTimeXer: Frequency-aware Time-series Transformer with Exogenous variables for Robust Carbon Footprint Forecastingcited by 1
- 2026Olivia: Harmonizing Time Series Foundation Models with Power Spectral Densitycited by 1
- 2026L-Drive: Beyond a Single Mapping-Latent Context Drives Time Series Forecastingcited by 1
- 2024Bond Graphs for multi-physics informed Neural Networks for multi-variate time seriescited by 0
- 2025Fourier Asymmetric Attention on Domain Generalization for Pan-Cancer Drug Response Predictioncited by 0
- 2025Efficient Time Series Forecasting via Hyper-Complex Models and Frequency Aggregationcited by 0
- 2025Channel-Imposed Fusion: A Simple yet Effective Method for Medical Time Series Classificationcited by 0
- 2025Filter then Attend: Improving attention-based Time Series Forecasting with Spectral Filteringcited by 0
- 2026Spectral Phase Encoding for Quantum Kernel Methodscited by 0
- 2026Deep Time-Series Forecasting in 10 Years: A Surveycited by 0
- 2026Frequency-aware decomposition learning for sensorless wrench estimation in vibration-rich robotic contactcited by 0
- 2026AdaMamba: Adaptive Frequency-Gated Mamba for Long-Term Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
- 2026GenHAR: Generalizing Cross-domain Human Activity Recognition for Last-mile Deliverycited by 0
- 2026TimeES: Probabilistic and Deterministic Time Series Forecasting via Evolutionary Spectracited by 0
- 2026TimeES: Probabilistic and Deterministic Time Series Forecasting via Evolutionary Spectra26 Sep 2026
- 2026GenHAR: Generalizing Cross-domain Human Activity Recognition for Last-mile Delivery21 May 2026
- 2026L-Drive: Beyond a Single Mapping-Latent Context Drives Time Series Forecasting18 May 2026
- 2026Olivia: Harmonizing Time Series Foundation Models with Power Spectral Density17 May 2026
- 2026AdaMamba: Adaptive Frequency-Gated Mamba for Long-Term Time Series Forecasting25 Apr 2026
- 2026Frequency-aware decomposition learning for sensorless wrench estimation in vibration-rich robotic contact14 Apr 2026
- 2026Deep Time-Series Forecasting in 10 Years: A Survey20 Mar 2026
- 2026FreqCycle: A Multi-Scale Time-Frequency Analysis Method for Time Series Forecasting10 Mar 2026
- 2026Spectral Phase Encoding for Quantum Kernel Methods23 Feb 2026
- 2026FTimeXer: Frequency-aware Time-series Transformer with Exogenous variables for Robust Carbon Footprint Forecasting16 Feb 2026
- 2026Spectral Text Fusion: A Frequency-Aware Approach to Multimodal Time-Series Forecasting2 Feb 2026
- 2025DistDF: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Joint-Distribution Wasserstein Alignment28 Oct 2025
28 more
- 2025SEMPO: Lightweight Foundation Models for Time Series Forecasting22 Oct 2025
- 2025Filter then Attend: Improving attention-based Time Series Forecasting with Spectral Filtering27 Aug 2025
- 2025Channel-Imposed Fusion: A Simple yet Effective Method for Medical Time Series Classification31 May 2025
- 2025Multi-Order Wavelet Derivative Transform for Deep Time Series Forecasting17 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Time Series Forecasting via Hyper-Complex Models and Frequency Aggregation27 Feb 2025
- 2025ReFocus: Reinforcing Mid-Frequency and Key-Frequency Modeling for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting24 Feb 2025
- 2025Time Series Analysis in Frequency Domain: A Survey of Open Challenges, Opportunities and Benchmarks12 Feb 2025
- 2025Fourier Asymmetric Attention on Domain Generalization for Pan-Cancer Drug Response Prediction6 Feb 2025
- 2025Amplifier: Bringing Attention to Neglected Low-Energy Components in Time Series Forecasting28 Jan 2025
- 2025FreEformer: Frequency Enhanced Transformer for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting23 Jan 2025
- 2025DeepFilter: A Transformer-style Framework for Accurate and Efficient Process Monitoring2 Jan 2025
- 2024Beyond Data Scarcity: A Frequency-Driven Framework for Zero-Shot Forecasting24 Nov 2024
- 2024FilterNet: Harnessing Frequency Filters for Time Series Forecasting3 Nov 2024
- 2024Signal-SGN: A Spiking Graph Convolutional Network for Skeletal Action Recognition via Learning Temporal-Frequency Dynamics3 Aug 2024
- 2024Deep Time Series Models: A Comprehensive Survey and Benchmark18 Jul 2024
- 2024Robust Multivariate Time Series Forecasting against Intra- and Inter-Series Transitional Shift18 Jul 2024
- 2024Not All Frequencies Are Created Equal:Towards a Dynamic Fusion of Frequencies in Time-Series Forecasting17 Jul 2024
- 2024Membership Inference Attacks Against Time-Series Models3 Jul 2024
- 2024Deep Frequency Derivative Learning for Non-stationary Time Series Forecasting29 Jun 2024
- 2024Interpretable Multivariate Time Series Forecasting Using Neural Fourier Transform22 May 2024
- 2024Bond Graphs for multi-physics informed Neural Networks for multi-variate time series22 May 2024
- 2024Time Series Diffusion in the Frequency Domain8 Feb 2024
- 2024Phase-driven Domain Generalizable Learning for Nonstationary Time Series5 Feb 2024
- 2024Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Survey8 Jan 2024
- 2023Lite-Mind: Towards Efficient and Robust Brain Representation Network6 Dec 2023
- 2023FourierGNN: Rethinking Multivariate Time Series Forecasting from a Pure Graph Perspective10 Nov 2023
- 2023Frequency-domain MLPs are More Effective Learners in Time Series Forecasting10 Nov 2023
- 2023Dynamic Size Message Scheduling for Multi-Agent Communication under Limited Bandwidth16 Jun 2023
- 2024Time Series Diffusion in the Frequency Domaincited by 35
- 2024Time Series Diffusion in the Frequency Domain8 Feb 2024
- 2024Membership Inference Attacks Against Time-Series Modelscited by 1
- 2024Membership Inference Attacks Against Time-Series Models3 Jul 2024
- 2024Deep Time Series Models: A Comprehensive Survey and Benchmarkcited by 191
- 2023Frequency-domain MLPs are More Effective Learners in Time Series Forecastingcited by 170
- 2023FourierGNN: Rethinking Multivariate Time Series Forecasting from a Pure Graph Perspectivecited by 126
- 2024FilterNet: Harnessing Frequency Filters for Time Series Forecastingcited by 44
- 2024Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Surveycited by 28
- 2025Amplifier: Bringing Attention to Neglected Low-Energy Components in Time Series Forecastingcited by 23
- 2025FreEformer: Frequency Enhanced Transformer for Multivariate Time Series Forecastingcited by 18
- 2024Deep Frequency Derivative Learning for Non-stationary Time Series Forecastingcited by 13
- 2025DistDF: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Joint-Distribution Wasserstein Alignmentcited by 13
- 2025Time Series Analysis in Frequency Domain: A Survey of Open Challenges, Opportunities and Benchmarkscited by 10
- 2023Lite-Mind: Towards Efficient and Robust Brain Representation Networkcited by 6
- 2024Not All Frequencies Are Created Equal:Towards a Dynamic Fusion of Frequencies in Time-Series Forecastingcited by 6
12 most cited of 37 All 37 (JSON)
- 2026TimeES: Probabilistic and Deterministic Time Series Forecasting via Evolutionary Spectra26 Sep 2026
- 2026GenHAR: Generalizing Cross-domain Human Activity Recognition for Last-mile Delivery21 May 2026
- 2026L-Drive: Beyond a Single Mapping-Latent Context Drives Time Series Forecasting18 May 2026
- 2026Olivia: Harmonizing Time Series Foundation Models with Power Spectral Density17 May 2026
- 2026Frequency-aware decomposition learning for sensorless wrench estimation in vibration-rich robotic contact14 Apr 2026
- 2026Deep Time-Series Forecasting in 10 Years: A Survey20 Mar 2026
- 2026FreqCycle: A Multi-Scale Time-Frequency Analysis Method for Time Series Forecasting10 Mar 2026
- 2026Spectral Phase Encoding for Quantum Kernel Methods23 Feb 2026
- 2026FTimeXer: Frequency-aware Time-series Transformer with Exogenous variables for Robust Carbon Footprint Forecasting16 Feb 2026
- 2026Spectral Text Fusion: A Frequency-Aware Approach to Multimodal Time-Series Forecasting2 Feb 2026
- 2025DistDF: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Joint-Distribution Wasserstein Alignment28 Oct 2025
- 2025SEMPO: Lightweight Foundation Models for Time Series Forecasting22 Oct 2025
12 newest of 37 All 37 (JSON)