Identifying Expert Behavior in Offline Training Datasets Improves Behavioral Cloning of Robotic Manipulation Policies
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Real-world robot offline RL
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents our solution for the Real Robot Challenge (RRC) III, a competition featured in the NeurIPS 2022 Competition Track, aimed at addressing dexterous robotic manipulation tasks through learning from pre-collected offline data. Participants were provided with two types of datasets for each task: expert and mixed datasets with varying skill levels. While the simplest offline policy learning algorithm, Behavioral Cloning (BC), performed remarkably well when trained on expert datasets, it outperformed even the most advanced offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. However, BC's performance deteriorated when applied to mixed datasets, and the performance of offline RL algorithms was also unsatisfactory. Upon examining the mixed datasets, we observed that they contained a significant amount of expert data, although this data was unlabeled. To address this issue, we proposed a semi-supervised learning-based classifier to identify the underlying expert behavior within mixed datasets, effectively isolating the expert data. To further enhance BC's performance, we leveraged the geometric symmetry of the RRC arena to augment the training dataset through mathematical transformations. In the end, our submission surpassed that of all other participants, even those who employed complex offline RL algorithms and intricate data processing and feature engineering techniques.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Real-world robot offline RL, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. Builds on 34 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jan 2023.
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34 of 62 references.
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Other references · 33
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21 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2024Manipulation Facing Threats: Evaluating Physical Vulnerabilities in End-to-End Vision Language Action Modelscited by 16
- 2025Counterfactual Behavior Cloning: Offline Imitation Learning from Imperfect Human Demonstrationscited by 2
- 2025Demonstration Sidetracks: Categorizing Systematic Non-Optimality in Human Demonstrationscited by 2
- 2024Dataset Clustering for Improved Offline Policy Learningcited by 1
- 2026Distributed Dexterous Manipulation with Spatially Conditioned Multi-Agent Transformerscited by 0
- 2026Distributed Dexterous Manipulation with Spatially Conditioned Multi-Agent Transformers7 Sep 2026
- 2025Demonstration Sidetracks: Categorizing Systematic Non-Optimality in Human Demonstrations12 Jun 2025
- 2025Counterfactual Behavior Cloning: Offline Imitation Learning from Imperfect Human Demonstrations16 May 2025
- 2024Manipulation Facing Threats: Evaluating Physical Vulnerabilities in End-to-End Vision Language Action Models20 Sep 2024
- 2024Dataset Clustering for Improved Offline Policy Learning14 Feb 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Using Non-Expert Data to Robustify Imitation Learning via Offline Reinforcement Learning
- 2020Offline Learning from Demonstrations and Unlabeled Experience
- 2022When Should We Prefer Offline Reinforcement Learning Over Behavioral Cloning?
- 2022Discriminator-Weighted Offline Imitation Learning from Suboptimal Demonstrations
- 2024How to Leverage Diverse Demonstrations in Offline Imitation Learning
- 2025Residual Off-Policy RL for Finetuning Behavior Cloning Policies