mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Identifying Expert Behavior in Offline Training Datasets Improves Behavioral Cloning of Robotic Manipulation Policies

arXiv 2301.13019 ↗First posted 30 Jan 2023cs.RO cs.LGcited by 5

On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Real-world robot offline RL

Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents our solution for the Real Robot Challenge (RRC) III, a competition featured in the NeurIPS 2022 Competition Track, aimed at addressing dexterous robotic manipulation tasks through learning from pre-collected offline data. Participants were provided with two types of datasets for each task: expert and mixed datasets with varying skill levels. While the simplest offline policy learning algorithm, Behavioral Cloning (BC), performed remarkably well when trained on expert datasets, it outperformed even the most advanced offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. However, BC's performance deteriorated when applied to mixed datasets, and the performance of offline RL algorithms was also unsatisfactory. Upon examining the mixed datasets, we observed that they contained a significant amount of expert data, although this data was unlabeled. To address this issue, we proposed a semi-supervised learning-based classifier to identify the underlying expert behavior within mixed datasets, effectively isolating the expert data. To further enhance BC's performance, we leveraged the geometric symmetry of the RRC arena to augment the training dataset through mathematical transformations. In the end, our submission surpassed that of all other participants, even those who employed complex offline RL algorithms and intricate data processing and feature engineering techniques.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Real-world robot offline RL, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. Builds on 34 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jan 2023.

Builds on

34 of 62 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2021What Matters in Learning from Offline Human Demonstrations for Robot Manipulation6 Aug

Other references · 33

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,211
  3. 2018Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methodscited by 2,302
  4. 2020Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problemscited by 1,873
  5. 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,777
  6. 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,576
  7. 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,528
  8. 2020D4RL: Datasets for Deep Data-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,406
  9. 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Implicit Q-Learningcited by 1,245
  10. 2018Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning without Explorationcited by 1,227
  11. 2021A Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 882
  12. 2019Advantage-Weighted Regression: Simple and Scalable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 750
21 more
  1. 2020AWAC: Accelerating Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datasetscited by 647
  2. 2017Sim-to-Real Transfer of Robotic Control with Dynamics Randomizationcited by 616
  3. 2021Implicit Behavioral Cloningcited by 442
  4. 2019Learning agile and dynamic motor skills for legged robotscited by 402
  5. 2016Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation with Asynchronous Off-Policy Updatescited by 342
  6. 2021Uncertainty-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning with Diversified Q-Ensemblecited by 297
  7. 2020Critic Regularized Regressioncited by 269
  8. 2018Multi-Goal Reinforcement Learning: Challenging Robotics Environments and Request for Researchcited by 256
  9. 2021RvS: What is Essential for Offline RL via Supervised Learning?cited by 184
  10. 2020PLAS: Latent Action Space for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 133
  11. 2019Benchmarking Batch Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithmscited by 108
  12. 2018Neural probabilistic motor primitives for humanoid controlcited by 96
  13. 2019BAIL: Best-Action Imitation Learning for Batch Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 90
  14. 2021S4RL: Surprisingly Simple Self-Supervision for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 85
  15. 2021d3rlpy: An Offline Deep Reinforcement Learning Librarycited by 84
  16. 2020Regularizing Action Policies for Smooth Control with Reinforcement Learningcited by 47
  17. 2023Improving Behavioural Cloning with Positive Unlabeled Learningcited by 8
  18. 2021Solving the Real Robot Challenge using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  19. 2022Dexterous Robotic Manipulation using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Knowledge Transfer for Complex Sparse Reward-based Taskscited by 5
  20. 2019On Policy Learning Robust to Irreversible Events: An Application to Robotic In-Hand Manipulationcited by 4
  21. 2021Grasp and Motion Planning for Dexterous Manipulation for the Real Robot Challengecited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2022Implicit Offline Reinforcement Learning via Supervised Learning
  2. 2023Benchmarking Offline Reinforcement Learning on Real-Robot Hardware
  3. 2025Using Non-Expert Data to Robustify Imitation Learning via Offline Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2020Offline Learning from Demonstrations and Unlabeled Experience
  5. 2022When Should We Prefer Offline Reinforcement Learning Over Behavioral Cloning?
  6. 2022Discriminator-Weighted Offline Imitation Learning from Suboptimal Demonstrations
  7. 2024How to Leverage Diverse Demonstrations in Offline Imitation Learning
  8. 2025Residual Off-Policy RL for Finetuning Behavior Cloning Policies