mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Multi-Level Framework for the AI Alignment Problem

arXiv 2301.03740 ↗First posted 10 Jan 2023cs.CY cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment

Abstract (arXiv)

AI alignment considers how we can encode AI systems in a way that is compatible with human values. The normative side of this problem asks what moral values or principles, if any, we should encode in AI. To this end, we present a framework to consider the question at four levels: Individual, Organizational, National, and Global. We aim to illustrate how AI alignment is made up of value alignment problems at each of these levels, where values at each level affect the others and effects can flow in either direction. We outline key questions and considerations of each level and demonstrate an application of this framework to the topic of AI content moderation.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 4 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jan 2023.

Builds on

4 of 14 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2020Aligning AI With Shared Human Values5 Aug

Other references · 3

  1. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,582
  2. 2020Artificial Intelligence, Values and Alignmentcited by 443
  3. 2021Unsolved Problems in ML Safetycited by 291

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Toward a Theory of Value in AI Alignment
  2. 2024Dynamic Normativity: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Value Alignment
  3. 2024ValueCompass: A Framework for Measuring Contextual Value Alignment Between Human and LLMs
  4. 2024The AI Alignment Paradox
  5. 2024Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignment
  6. 2021The Challenge of Value Alignment: from Fairer Algorithms to AI Safety
  7. 2023Measuring Value Alignment
  8. 2024Beyond Preferences in AI Alignment