mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Learning Multimodal Data Augmentation in Feature Space

arXiv 2212.14453 ↗First posted 29 Dec 2022cs.LG cs.CL cs.CVcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

The ability to jointly learn from multiple modalities, such as text, audio, and visual data, is a defining feature of intelligent systems. While there have been promising advances in designing neural networks to harness multimodal data, the enormous success of data augmentation currently remains limited to single-modality tasks like image classification. Indeed, it is particularly difficult to augment each modality while preserving the overall semantic structure of the data; for example, a caption may no longer be a good description of an image after standard augmentations have been applied, such as translation. Moreover, it is challenging to specify reasonable transformations that are not tailored to a particular modality. In this paper, we introduce LeMDA, Learning Multimodal Data Augmentation, an easy-to-use method that automatically learns to jointly augment multimodal data in feature space, with no constraints on the identities of the modalities or the relationship between modalities. We show that LeMDA can (1) profoundly improve the performance of multimodal deep learning architectures, (2) apply to combinations of modalities that have not been previously considered, and (3) achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide range of applications comprised of image, text, and tabular data.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Dec 2022.

Builds on

42 of 52 references.

References · 42

  1. 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
  2. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,183
  3. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
  4. 2019CutMix: Regularization Strategy to Train Strong Classifiers with Localizable Featurescited by 2,884
  5. 2019RandAugment: Practical automated data augmentation with a reduced search spacecited by 2,269
  6. 2021Align before Fuse: Vision and Language Representation Learning with Momentum Distillationcited by 1,619
  7. 2021ViLT: Vision-and-Language Transformer Without Convolution or Region Supervisioncited by 1,230
  8. 2019Unsupervised Data Augmentation for Consistency Trainingcited by 1,060
  9. 2017Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomycited by 1,013
  10. 2019EDA: Easy Data Augmentation Techniques for Boosting Performance on Text Classification Taskscited by 807
  11. 2015Improving Neural Machine Translation Models with Monolingual Datacited by 788
  12. 2021Attention Bottlenecks for Multimodal Fusioncited by 361
30 more
  1. 2020Identifying Mislabeled Data using the Area Under the Margin Rankingcited by 261
  2. 2019Visual Entailment: A Novel Task for Fine-Grained Image Understandingcited by 252
  3. 2019UNITER: UNiversal Image-TExt Representation Learningcited by 228
  4. 2021TrivialAugment: Tuning-free Yet State-of-the-Art Data Augmentationcited by 227
  5. 2018Contextual Augmentation: Data Augmentation by Words with Paradigmatic Relationscited by 201
  6. 2018Learning Factorized Multimodal Representationscited by 171
  7. 2019Good-Enough Compositional Data Augmentationcited by 158
  8. 2019Population Based Augmentation: Efficient Learning of Augmentation Policy Schedulescited by 154
  9. 2021What Makes Multi-modal Learning Better than Single (Provably)cited by 153
  10. 2021Well-tuned Simple Nets Excel on Tabular Datasetscited by 151
  11. 2017Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translationcited by 139
  12. 2017Learning Two-Branch Neural Networks for Image-Text Matching Taskscited by 119
  13. 2019Adversarial AutoAugmentcited by 111
  14. 2017Learning to Compose Domain-Specific Transformations for Data Augmentationcited by 91
  15. 2019MFAS: Multimodal Fusion Architecture Searchcited by 84
  16. 2021AEDA: An Easier Data Augmentation Technique for Text Classificationcited by 67
  17. 2022MixGen: A New Multi-Modal Data Augmentationcited by 61
  18. 2017Learning Robust Visual-Semantic Embeddingscited by 56
  19. 2019A Closer Look At Feature Space Data Augmentation For Few-Shot Intent Classificationcited by 45
  20. 2022TeachAugment: Data Augmentation Optimization Using Teacher Knowledgecited by 37
  21. 2019EmbraceNet: A robust deep learning architecture for multimodal classificationcited by 30
  22. 2020OnlineAugment: Online Data Augmentation with Less Domain Knowledgecited by 28
  23. 2020On the Benefits of Early Fusion in Multimodal Representation Learningcited by 27
  24. 2020Semantic Equivalent Adversarial Data Augmentation for Visual Question Answeringcited by 26
  25. 2021Benchmarking Multimodal AutoML for Tabular Data with Text Fieldscited by 26
  26. 2020Diverse Image Captioning with Context-Object Split Latent Spacescited by 22
  27. 2021Cross-Modal Retrieval Augmentation for Multi-Modal Classificationcited by 20
  28. 2020TCGM: An Information-Theoretic Framework for Semi-Supervised Multi-Modality Learningcited by 19
  29. 2020Latent Normalizing Flows for Many-to-Many Cross-Domain Mappingscited by 16
  30. 2021Cross-Modal Generative Augmentation for Visual Question Answeringcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.

18 papers.

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  1. 2023Medical Vision Language Pretraining: A surveycited by 24
  2. 2023Cross-modality Data Augmentation for End-to-End Sign Language Translationcited by 16
  3. 2024A Survey on Safe Multi-Modal Learning Systemcited by 15
  4. 2024Frozen Feature Augmentation for Few-Shot Image Classificationcited by 13
  5. 2024A Survey on Multimodal Wearable Sensor-based Human Action Recognitioncited by 10
  6. 2024A Survey of Data Synthesis Approachescited by 9
  7. 2024Bag of Tricks for Multimodal AutoML with Image, Text, and Tabular Datacited by 7
  8. 2023Improved Automatic Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Classification Using Deep Multimodal Fusion of UWF-CFP and OCTA Imagescited by 6
  9. 2025Contrastive Visual Data Augmentationcited by 3
  10. 2025DeepMLF: Multimodal language model with learnable tokens for deep fusion in sentiment analysiscited by 3
  11. 2024ARMADA: Attribute-Based Multimodal Data Augmentationcited by 2
  12. 2025Hear-Your-Click: Interactive Object-Specific Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 2
6 more
  1. 2025MIDAS: Misalignment-based Data Augmentation Strategy for Imbalanced Multimodal Learningcited by 2
  2. 2023PowMix: A Versatile Regularizer for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
  3. 2025SynRES: Towards Referring Expression Segmentation in the Wild via Synthetic Datacited by 1
  4. 2023Targeted Image Data Augmentation Increases Basic Skills Captioning Robustnesscited by 0
  5. 2026Semantics-Aware Generative Latent Data Augmentation for Learning in Low-Resource Domainscited by 0
  6. 2026BiasFlow: Geometric Monitoring and Backbone Regularization for Spurious Feature Reliancecited by 0