mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Backdoor Cleansing with Unlabeled Data

arXiv 2211.12044 ↗First posted 22 Nov 2022cs.LG cs.CRcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

Due to the increasing computational demand of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), companies and organizations have begun to outsource the training process. However, the externally trained DNNs can potentially be backdoor attacked. It is crucial to defend against such attacks, i.e., to postprocess a suspicious model so that its backdoor behavior is mitigated while its normal prediction power on clean inputs remain uncompromised. To remove the abnormal backdoor behavior, existing methods mostly rely on additional labeled clean samples. However, such requirement may be unrealistic as the training data are often unavailable to end users. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of circumventing such barrier. We propose a novel defense method that does not require training labels. Through a carefully designed layer-wise weight re-initialization and knowledge distillation, our method can effectively cleanse backdoor behaviors of a suspicious network with negligible compromise in its normal behavior. In experiments, we show that our method, trained without labels, is on-par with state-of-the-art defense methods trained using labels. We also observe promising defense results even on out-of-distribution data. This makes our method very practical. Code is available at: https://github.com/luluppang/BCU.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2022.

Builds on

34 of 51 references.

References · 34

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
  3. 2020Knowledge Distillation: A Surveycited by 1,603
  4. 2017Targeted Backdoor Attacks on Deep Learning Systems Using Data Poisoningcited by 1,055
  5. 2021Diffusion Probabilistic Models for 3D Point Cloud Generationcited by 735
  6. 2018Fine-Pruning: Defending Against Backdooring Attacks on Deep Neural Networkscited by 580
  7. 2018Poison Frogs! Targeted Clean-Label Poisoning Attacks on Neural Networkscited by 519
  8. 2018Spectral Signatures in Backdoor Attackscited by 484
  9. 2019Hidden Trigger Backdoor Attackscited by 371
  10. 2020Reflection Backdoor: A Natural Backdoor Attack on Deep Neural Networkscited by 349
  11. 2021Neural Attention Distillation: Erasing Backdoor Triggers from Deep Neural Networkscited by 324
  12. 2020Input-Aware Dynamic Backdoor Attackcited by 313
22 more
  1. 2019Label-Consistent Backdoor Attackscited by 296
  2. 2021Anti-Backdoor Learning: Training Clean Models on Poisoned Datacited by 263
  3. 2019A new Backdoor Attack in CNNs by training set corruption without label poisoningcited by 242
  4. 2021Adversarial Neuron Pruning Purifies Backdoored Deep Modelscited by 235
  5. 2021Adversarial Unlearning of Backdoors via Implicit Hypergradientcited by 166
  6. 2022Backdoor Defense via Decoupling the Training Processcited by 153
  7. 2020Dynamic Backdoor Attacks Against Machine Learning Modelscited by 151
  8. 2020Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Learning Systems in the Physical Worldcited by 134
  9. 2020Bridging Mode Connectivity in Loss Landscapes and Adversarial Robustnesscited by 132
  10. 2021CRFL: Certifiably Robust Federated Learning against Backdoor Attackscited by 91
  11. 2021Backdoor Attacks on Self-Supervised Learningcited by 90
  12. 2020Strong Data Augmentation Sanitizes Poisoning and Backdoor Attacks Without an Accuracy Tradeoffcited by 89
  13. 2022BppAttack: Stealthy and Efficient Trojan Attacks against Deep Neural Networks via Image Quantization and Contrastive Adversarial Learningcited by 86
  14. 2019Data Poisoning against Differentially-Private Learners: Attacks and Defensescited by 78
  15. 2021A Backdoor Attack against 3D Point Cloud Classifierscited by 53
  16. 2022A Study of the Attention Abnormality in Trojaned BERTscited by 48
  17. 2021Few-shot Backdoor Defense Using Shapley Estimationcited by 41
  18. 2022Few-Shot Backdoor Attacks on Visual Object Trackingcited by 35
  19. 2022Eliminating Backdoor Triggers for Deep Neural Networks Using Attention Relation Graph Distillationcited by 18
  20. 2022Quarantine: Sparsity Can Uncover the Trojan Attack Trigger for Freecited by 15
  21. 2022Backdoor Attacks on Crowd Countingcited by 10
  22. 2021Certified Robustness via Randomized Smoothing over Multiplicative Parameters of Input Transformationscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2023Beating Backdoor Attack at Its Own Game
  2. 2023UltraClean: A Simple Framework to Train Robust Neural Networks against Backdoor Attacks
  3. 2023Defending Against Backdoor Attacks by Layer-wise Feature Analysis
  4. 2023Mitigating Backdoors within Deep Neural Networks in Data-limited Configuration
  5. 2024Unveiling and Mitigating Backdoor Vulnerabilities based on Unlearning Weight Changes and Backdoor Activeness
  6. 2024Wicked Oddities: Selectively Poisoning for Effective Clean-Label Backdoor Attacks
  7. 2022Invisible Backdoor Attacks Using Data Poisoning in the Frequency Domain
  8. 2024Expose Before You Defend: Unifying and Enhancing Backdoor Defenses via Exposed Models