Towards Accurate Facial Landmark Detection via Cascaded Transformers
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Abstract (arXiv)
Accurate facial landmarks are essential prerequisites for many tasks related to human faces. In this paper, an accurate facial landmark detector is proposed based on cascaded transformers. We formulate facial landmark detection as a coordinate regression task such that the model can be trained end-to-end. With self-attention in transformers, our model can inherently exploit the structured relationships between landmarks, which would benefit landmark detection under challenging conditions such as large pose and occlusion. During cascaded refinement, our model is able to extract the most relevant image features around the target landmark for coordinate prediction, based on deformable attention mechanism, thus bringing more accurate alignment. In addition, we propose a novel decoder that refines image features and landmark positions simultaneously. With few parameter increasing, the detection performance improves further. Our model achieves new state-of-the-art performance on several standard facial landmark detection benchmarks, and shows good generalization ability in cross-dataset evaluation.
Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Aug 2022.
Builds on
26 of 42 references.
References · 26
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- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,679
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
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- 2019Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimationcited by 1,339
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- 2017How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)cited by 524
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14 more
- 2019Adaptive Wing Loss for Robust Face Alignment via Heatmap Regressioncited by 127
- 2020TransPose: Keypoint Localization via Transformercited by 126
- 2017Wing Loss for Robust Facial Landmark Localisation with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 108
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- 2020LUVLi Face Alignment: Estimating Landmarks' Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihoodcited by 87
- 2020Pixel-in-Pixel Net: Towards Efficient Facial Landmark Detection in the Wildcited by 74
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- 2020Structured Landmark Detection via Topology-Adapting Deep Graph Learningcited by 50
- 2021TFPose: Direct Human Pose Estimation with Transformerscited by 42
- 2019Teacher Supervises Students How to Learn From Partially Labeled Images for Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 28
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 11; 2024: 8; 2025: 4; 2026: 6.
31 papers.
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- 2023Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillationcited by 307
- 2023STAR Loss: Reducing Semantic Ambiguity in Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 41
- 2023DARE-GRAM : Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Regression by Aligning Inverse Gram Matricescited by 28
- 2022Shape Preserving Facial Landmarks with Graph Attention Networkscited by 23
- 2024Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learning with Facial Region Awarenesscited by 17
- 2022CRT-6D: Fast 6D Object Pose Estimation with Cascaded Refinement Transformerscited by 15
- 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perceptioncited by 12
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warpingcited by 6
- 2023FLAIR: A Conditional Diffusion Framework with Applications to Face Video Restorationcited by 5
- 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 5
- 2025LaTo: Landmark-tokenized Diffusion Transformer for Fine-grained Human Face Editingcited by 5
- 2025Proto-Former: Unified Facial Landmark Detection by Prototype Transformercited by 5
19 more
- 2023KeyPosS: Plug-and-Play Facial Landmark Detection through GPS-Inspired True-Range Multilaterationcited by 3
- 2023Automated Detection of Cat Facial Landmarkscited by 3
- 2024Rethinking Self-training for Semi-supervised Landmark Detection: A Selection-free Approachcited by 3
- 2024Fiducial Focus Augmentation for Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 2
- 2026FGTBT: Frequency-Guided Task-Balancing Transformer for Unified Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 2
- 2024ORFormer: Occlusion-Robust Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Heatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
- 2026Supervision-by-Hallucination-and-Transfer: A Weakly-Supervised Approach for Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
- 2023SimFLE: Simple Facial Landmark Encoding for Self-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition in the Wildcited by 0
- 2023LocalEyenet: Deep Attention framework for Localization of Eyescited by 0
- 2023Coordinated Transformer with Position & Sample-aware Central Loss for Anatomical Landmark Detectioncited by 0
- 2023Deformation Robust Text Spotting with Geometric Priorcited by 0
- 20231DFormer: a Transformer Architecture Learning 1D Landmark Representations for Facial Landmark Trackingcited by 0
- 2024Adaptive Query Prompting for Multi-Domain Landmark Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Densemarks: Learning Canonical Embeddings for Human Heads Images via Point Trackscited by 0
- 2026A2BFR: Attribute-Aware Blind Face Restorationcited by 0
- 2026Towards Unified Dynamic Face Landmark Detectioncited by 0
- 2026FAHCD-Net: Frequency-Adaptive Heatmap-Conditional Diffusion Networks for Robust Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 0
- 2026MIRAGE: Full-Body Bystander Privacy for Smart Glasses with Consent-Based Restorationcited by 0
- 2026MIRAGE: Full-Body Bystander Privacy for Smart Glasses with Consent-Based Restoration21 Sep 2026
- 2026FAHCD-Net: Frequency-Adaptive Heatmap-Conditional Diffusion Networks for Robust Facial Landmark Detection15 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Unified Dynamic Face Landmark Detection11 Aug 2026
- 2026A2BFR: Attribute-Aware Blind Face Restoration31 Mar 2026
- 2026Supervision-by-Hallucination-and-Transfer: A Weakly-Supervised Approach for Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection19 Jan 2026
- 2026FGTBT: Frequency-Guided Task-Balancing Transformer for Unified Facial Landmark Detection19 Jan 2026
- 2025Densemarks: Learning Canonical Embeddings for Human Heads Images via Point Tracks4 Nov 2025
- 2025Proto-Former: Unified Facial Landmark Detection by Prototype Transformer17 Oct 2025
- 2025LaTo: Landmark-tokenized Diffusion Transformer for Fine-grained Human Face Editing30 Sep 2025
- 2025Heatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detection19 Aug 2025
- 2024ORFormer: Occlusion-Robust Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detection17 Dec 2024
- 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detection8 Nov 2024
19 more
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warping18 Apr 2024
- 2024Rethinking Self-training for Semi-supervised Landmark Detection: A Selection-free Approach6 Apr 2024
- 2024Adaptive Query Prompting for Multi-Domain Landmark Detection1 Apr 2024
- 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perception14 Mar 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learning with Facial Region Awareness4 Mar 2024
- 2024Fiducial Focus Augmentation for Facial Landmark Detection23 Feb 2024
- 2023FLAIR: A Conditional Diffusion Framework with Applications to Face Video Restoration26 Nov 2023
- 20231DFormer: a Transformer Architecture Learning 1D Landmark Representations for Facial Landmark Tracking1 Nov 2023
- 2023Automated Detection of Cat Facial Landmarks15 Oct 2023
- 2023Deformation Robust Text Spotting with Geometric Prior31 Aug 2023
- 2023Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillation29 Jul 2023
- 2023STAR Loss: Reducing Semantic Ambiguity in Facial Landmark Detection5 Jun 2023
- 2023KeyPosS: Plug-and-Play Facial Landmark Detection through GPS-Inspired True-Range Multilateration25 May 2023
- 2023Coordinated Transformer with Position & Sample-aware Central Loss for Anatomical Landmark Detection18 May 2023
- 2023DARE-GRAM : Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Regression by Aligning Inverse Gram Matrices23 Mar 2023
- 2023SimFLE: Simple Facial Landmark Encoding for Self-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition in the Wild14 Mar 2023
- 2023LocalEyenet: Deep Attention framework for Localization of Eyes13 Mar 2023
- 2022CRT-6D: Fast 6D Object Pose Estimation with Cascaded Refinement Transformers21 Oct 2022
- 2022Shape Preserving Facial Landmarks with Graph Attention Networks13 Oct 2022
- 2023Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillationcited by 307
- 2023STAR Loss: Reducing Semantic Ambiguity in Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 41
- 2023DARE-GRAM : Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Regression by Aligning Inverse Gram Matricescited by 28
- 2022Shape Preserving Facial Landmarks with Graph Attention Networkscited by 23
- 2024Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learning with Facial Region Awarenesscited by 17
- 2022CRT-6D: Fast 6D Object Pose Estimation with Cascaded Refinement Transformerscited by 15
- 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perceptioncited by 12
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warpingcited by 6
- 2023FLAIR: A Conditional Diffusion Framework with Applications to Face Video Restorationcited by 5
- 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 5
- 2025Proto-Former: Unified Facial Landmark Detection by Prototype Transformercited by 5
- 2023KeyPosS: Plug-and-Play Facial Landmark Detection through GPS-Inspired True-Range Multilaterationcited by 3
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
- 2026MIRAGE: Full-Body Bystander Privacy for Smart Glasses with Consent-Based Restoration21 Sep 2026
- 2026FAHCD-Net: Frequency-Adaptive Heatmap-Conditional Diffusion Networks for Robust Facial Landmark Detection15 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Unified Dynamic Face Landmark Detection11 Aug 2026
- 2026A2BFR: Attribute-Aware Blind Face Restoration31 Mar 2026
- 2026Supervision-by-Hallucination-and-Transfer: A Weakly-Supervised Approach for Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection19 Jan 2026
- 2026FGTBT: Frequency-Guided Task-Balancing Transformer for Unified Facial Landmark Detection19 Jan 2026
- 2025Densemarks: Learning Canonical Embeddings for Human Heads Images via Point Tracks4 Nov 2025
- 2025Proto-Former: Unified Facial Landmark Detection by Prototype Transformer17 Oct 2025
- 2025Heatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detection19 Aug 2025
- 2024ORFormer: Occlusion-Robust Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detection17 Dec 2024
- 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detection8 Nov 2024
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warping18 Apr 2024
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)