mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From Scratch to Sketch: Deep Decoupled Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Sketching Agent

arXiv 2208.04833 ↗First posted 9 Aug 2022cs.RO cs.CVcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present an automated learning framework for a robotic sketching agent that is capable of learning stroke-based rendering and motor control simultaneously. We formulate the robotic sketching problem as a deep decoupled hierarchical reinforcement learning; two policies for stroke-based rendering and motor control are learned independently to achieve sub-tasks for drawing, and form a hierarchy when cooperating for real-world drawing. Without hand-crafted features, drawing sequences or trajectories, and inverse kinematics, the proposed method trains the robotic sketching agent from scratch. We performed experiments with a 6-DoF robot arm with 2F gripper to sketch doodles. Our experimental results show that the two policies successfully learned the sub-tasks and collaborated to sketch the target images. Also, the robustness and flexibility were examined by varying drawing tools and surfaces.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Aug 2022.

Builds on

17 of 32 references.

References · 17

  1. 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
  2. 2018Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,618
  3. 2020Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 698
  4. 2018Data-Efficient Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 436
  5. 2020Sim-to-Real Transfer in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotics: a Surveycited by 388
  6. 2017A Neural Representation of Sketch Drawingscited by 311
  7. 2018Visual Reinforcement Learning with Imagined Goalscited by 248
  8. 2019Planning with Goal-Conditioned Policiescited by 144
  9. 2018Unsupervised Control Through Non-Parametric Discriminative Rewardscited by 102
  10. 2018Synthesizing Programs for Images using Reinforced Adversarial Learningcited by 72
  11. 2019Learning to Paint With Model-based Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 70
  12. 2019Why Does Hierarchy (Sometimes) Work So Well in Reinforcement Learning?cited by 66
5 more
  1. 2018Many-Goals Reinforcement Learningcited by 22
  2. 2019Unsupervised Doodling and Painting with Improved SPIRALcited by 21
  3. 2017Learning Multi-Level Hierarchies with Hindsightcited by 19
  4. 2020Content Masked Loss: Human-Like Brush Stroke Planning in a Reinforcement Learning Painting Agentcited by 15
  5. 2020Artistic Style in Robotic Painting; a Machine Learning Approach to Learning Brushstroke from Human Artistscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

2 papers.