mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Score-based Generative Models for Calorimeter Shower Simulation

arXiv 2206.11898 ↗First posted 17 Jun 2022hep-ph cs.LG hep-excited by 52

On the map: Diffusion models → Flow matching, time series and science

Abstract (arXiv)

Score-based generative models are a new class of generative algorithms that have been shown to produce realistic images even in high dimensional spaces, currently surpassing other state-of-the-art models for different benchmark categories and applications. In this work we introduce CaloScore, a score-based generative model for collider physics applied to calorimeter shower generation. Three different diffusion models are investigated using the Fast Calorimeter Simulation Challenge 2022 dataset. CaloScore is the first application of a score-based generative model in collider physics and is able to produce high-fidelity calorimeter images for all datasets, providing an alternative paradigm for calorimeter shower simulation.

Key facts. Cited by 52 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Flow matching, time series and science, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 11 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jun 2022.

Builds on

11 of 61 references.

References · 11

  1. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
  2. 2017Wasserstein GANcited by 639
  3. 2017Learning Particle Physics by Example: Location-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks for Physics Synthesiscited by 46
  4. 2019Calorimetry with Deep Learning: Particle Simulation and Reconstruction for Collider Physicscited by 42
  5. 2018Generative Models for Fast Calorimeter Simulation.LHCb casecited by 25
  6. 2017Controlling Physical Attributes in GAN-Accelerated Simulation of Electromagnetic Calorimeterscited by 23
  7. 2019DeepRICH: Learning Deeply Cherenkov Detectorscited by 9
  8. 2019Cherenkov Detectors Fast Simulation Using Neural Networkscited by 8
  9. 2020Simulating the Time Projection Chamber responses at the MPD detector using Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 8
  10. 2022Particle-based Fast Jet Simulation at the LHC with Variational Autoencoderscited by 7
  11. 2021Physics Validation of Novel Convolutional 2D Architectures for Speeding Up High Energy Physics Simulationscited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 19; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 9.

52 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024Video as the New Language for Real-World Decision Makingcited by 87
  2. 2023CaloClouds: Fast Geometry-Independent Highly-Granular Calorimeter Simulationcited by 33
  3. 2022Evaluating generative models in high energy physicscited by 31
  4. 2022CaloMan: Fast generation of calorimeter showers with density estimation on learned manifoldscited by 28
  5. 2023PC-JeDi: Diffusion for Particle Cloud Generation in High Energy Physicscited by 27
  6. 2023Ultra-High-Resolution Detector Simulation with Intra-Event Aware GAN and Self-Supervised Relational Reasoningcited by 25
  7. 2023Diffusion Models as Stochastic Quantization in Lattice Field Theorycited by 24
  8. 2023EPiC-GAN: Equivariant Point Cloud Generation for Particle Jetscited by 23
  9. 2023End-To-End Latent Variational Diffusion Models for Inverse Problems in High Energy Physicscited by 22
  10. 2023Inductive Simulation of Calorimeter Showers with Normalizing Flowscited by 22
  11. 2023CaloClouds II: Ultra-Fast Geometry-Independent Highly-Granular Calorimeter Simulationcited by 20
  12. 2023Deep Generative Models for Detector Signature Simulation: A Taxonomic Reviewcited by 18
38 more
  1. 2023Comparison of Point Cloud and Image-based Models for Calorimeter Fast Simulationcited by 16
  2. 2024Calo-VQ: Vector-Quantized Two-Stage Generative Model in Calorimeter Simulationcited by 15
  3. 2022CaloFlow for CaloChallenge Dataset 1cited by 14
  4. 2025OmniJet-αC: Learning point cloud calorimeter simulations using generative transformerscited by 14
  5. 2023Generative Diffusion Models for Lattice Field Theorycited by 13
  6. 2024Convolutional L2LFlows: Generating Accurate Showers in Highly Granular Calorimeters Using Convolutional Normalizing Flowscited by 13
  7. 2023High-dimensional and Permutation Invariant Anomaly Detectioncited by 12
  8. 2023Improving new physics searches with diffusion models for event observables and jet constituentscited by 10
  9. 2025Physics-Conditioned Diffusion Models for Lattice Gauge Theorycited by 9
  10. 2023PC-Droid: Faster diffusion and improved quality for particle cloud generationcited by 8
  11. 2024Full Event Particle-Level Unfolding with Variable-Length Latent Variational Diffusioncited by 8
  12. 2025CaloHadronic: a diffusion model for the generation of hadronic showerscited by 8
  13. 2023Calorimeter shower superresolutioncited by 7
  14. 2024Generative Diffusion Models for Fast Simulations of Particle Collisions at CERNcited by 6
  15. 2024PIPPIN: Generating variable length full events from partonscited by 6
  16. 2026Scaling laws for amplitude surrogatescited by 6
  17. 2023Generalizing to new geometries with Geometry-Aware Autoregressive Models (GAAMs) for fast calorimeter simulationcited by 5
  18. 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Generative Models in Calorimeter Shower Simulationcited by 5
  19. 2023Artificial Intelligence for the Electron Ion Collider (AI4EIC)cited by 3
  20. 2024BUFF: Boosted Decision Tree based Ultra-Fast Flow matchingcited by 3
  21. 2025Forecasting Generative Amplificationcited by 3
  22. 2025Inverse Autoregressive Flows for Zero Degree Calorimeter fast simulationcited by 3
  23. 2026AllShowers: One model for all calorimeter showerscited by 3
  24. 2026Generalizable Foundation Models for Calorimetry via Mixtures-of-Experts and Parameter Efficient Fine Tuningcited by 3
  25. 2023DeepTreeGANv2: Iterative Pooling of Point Cloudscited by 2
  26. 2024Extrapolating Jet Radiation with Autoregressive Transformerscited by 2
  27. 2025Even Faster Simulations with Flow Matching: A Study of Zero Degree Calorimeter Responsescited by 2
  28. 2025A First Full Physics Benchmark for Highly Granular Calorimeter Surrogatescited by 2
  29. 2026Generative Models and Statistical Validationcited by 2
  30. 2026Prompting Particle Physics: Tokenized Multi-modal Foundation Models for Combinatorially Many Taskscited by 2
  31. 2022Geometry-aware Autoregressive Models for Calorimeter Shower Simulationscited by 1
  32. 2023Differentiable Earth Mover's Distance for Data Compression at the High-Luminosity LHCcited by 1
  33. 2024Variational inference for pile-up removal at hadron colliders with diffusion modelscited by 1
  34. 2025BitHEP -- The Limits of Low-Precision ML in HEPcited by 1
  35. 2026CaloTrilogy: Toward a Breakthrough in One-Step, End-to-End, Physics-Guided Shower Generation for Modern Calorimeterscited by 1
  36. 2025Exploring the Energy Landscape of RBMs: Reciprocal Space Insights into Bosons, Hierarchical Learning and Symmetry Breakingcited by 0
  37. 2025Jet Image Generation in High Energy Physics Using Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  38. 2026GPT-Based Fast Simulation of CLAS12 Detector Hits via Conditional Autoregressive Generationcited by 0

50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024CaloChallenge 2022: A Community Challenge for Fast Calorimeter Simulation
  2. 2026Scaling Collider Event Generation with Residual-Quantized Tokens
  3. 2024Applying generative neural networks for fast simulations of the ALICE (CERN) experiment
  4. 2022Score-Based Generative Models for Molecule Generation
  5. 2023Micro-Macro Consistency in Multiscale Modeling: Score-Based Model Assisted Sampling of Fast/Slow Dynamical Systems
  6. 2023CoCoGen: Physically-Consistent and Conditioned Score-based Generative Models for Forward and Inverse Problems
  7. 2024Scaling Up Diffusion and Flow-based XGBoost Models
  8. 2024Particle physics DL-simulation with control over generated data properties