mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CHEF: A Pilot Chinese Dataset for Evidence-Based Fact-Checking

arXiv 2206.11863 ↗First posted 6 Jun 2022cs.CLcited by 37

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Abstract (arXiv)

The explosion of misinformation spreading in the media ecosystem urges for automated fact-checking. While misinformation spans both geographic and linguistic boundaries, most work in the field has focused on English. Datasets and tools available in other languages, such as Chinese, are limited. In order to bridge this gap, we construct CHEF, the first CHinese Evidence-based Fact-checking dataset of 10K real-world claims. The dataset covers multiple domains, ranging from politics to public health, and provides annotated evidence retrieved from the Internet. Further, we develop established baselines and a novel approach that is able to model the evidence retrieval as a latent variable, allowing jointly training with the veracity prediction model in an end-to-end fashion. Extensive experiments show that CHEF will provide a challenging testbed for the development of fact-checking systems designed to retrieve and reason over non-English claims.

Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2022.

Builds on

29 of 42 references.

References · 29

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  3. 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,375
  4. 2020Fact or Fiction: Verifying Scientific Claimscited by 554
  5. 2019TabFact: A Large-scale Dataset for Table-based Fact Verificationcited by 428
  6. 2021A Survey on Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 378
  7. 2017"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detectioncited by 363
  8. 2016Rationalizing Neural Predictionscited by 281
  9. 2021Get Your Vitamin C! Robust Fact Verification with Contrastive Evidencecited by 225
  10. 2020Explainable Automated Fact-Checking for Public Health Claimscited by 211
  11. 2020HoVer: A Dataset for Many-Hop Fact Extraction And Claim Verificationcited by 201
  12. 2019MultiFC: A Real-World Multi-Domain Dataset for Evidence-Based Fact Checking of Claimscited by 169
17 more
  1. 2021FEVEROUS: Fact Extraction and VERification Over Unstructured and Structured informationcited by 167
  2. 2019Interpretable Neural Predictions with Differentiable Binary Variablescited by 126
  3. 2018Combining Fact Extraction and Verification with Neural Semantic Matching Networkscited by 120
  4. 2019Fine-grained Fact Verification with Kernel Graph Attention Networkcited by 105
  5. 2017Detection and Resolution of Rumours in Social Media: A Surveycited by 104
  6. 2019GEAR: Graph-based Evidence Aggregating and Reasoning for Fact Verificationcited by 100
  7. 2021X-FACT: A New Benchmark Dataset for Multilingual Fact Checkingcited by 91
  8. 2020INFOTABS: Inference on Tables as Semi-structured Datacited by 86
  9. 2020Explainable Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 83
  10. 2020That is a Known Lie: Detecting Previously Fact-Checked Claimscited by 82
  11. 2019A Richly Annotated Corpus for Different Tasks in Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 74
  12. 2019Reasoning Over Semantic-Level Graph for Fact Checkingcited by 69
  13. 2019The Limitations of Stylometry for Detecting Machine-Generated Fake Newscited by 63
  14. 2020FakeCovid -- A Multilingual Cross-domain Fact Check News Dataset for COVID-19cited by 61
  15. 2018Integrating Stance Detection and Fact Checking in a Unified Corpuscited by 41
  16. 2020Stance Prediction and Claim Verification: An Arabic Perspectivecited by 25
  17. 2018TwoWingOS: A Two-Wing Optimization Strategy for Evidential Claim Verificationcited by 17

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 11; 2024: 14; 2025: 6; 2026: 6.

37 papers.

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  1. 2023AVeriTeC: A Dataset for Real-world Claim Verification with Evidence from the Webcited by 144
  2. 2023Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE)cited by 135
  3. 2023Bad Actor, Good Advisor: Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Fake News Detectioncited by 72
  4. 2023Do Large Language Models Know about Facts?cited by 51
  5. 2025KaLM-Embedding-V2: Superior Training Techniques and Data Inspire A Versatile Embedding Modelcited by 36
  6. 2023HealthFC: Verifying Health Claims with Evidence-Based Medical Fact-Checkingcited by 35
  7. 2024JustiLM: Few-shot Justification Generation for Explainable Fact-Checking of Real-world Claimscited by 29
  8. 2023Enhancing Large Language Models Against Inductive Instructions with Dual-critique Promptingcited by 21
  9. 2024Generative Large Language Models in Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 19
  10. 2023Read it Twice: Towards Faithfully Interpretable Fact Verification by Revisiting Evidencecited by 17
  11. 2024Do We Need Language-Specific Fact-Checking Models? The Case of Chinesecited by 15
  12. 2023CLEVA: Chinese Language Models EVAluation Platformcited by 13
25 more
  1. 2024Comparing Knowledge Sources for Open-Domain Scientific Claim Verificationcited by 10
  2. 2024Deep Structural Knowledge Exploitation and Synergy for Estimating Node Importance Value on Heterogeneous Information Networkscited by 9
  3. 2024Evaluating Robustness of Generative Search Engine on Adversarial Factual Questionscited by 9
  4. 2024A Reality Check on Context Utilisation for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 9
  5. 2023Are Large Language Models Good Fact Checkers: A Preliminary Studycited by 8
  6. 2023OpenBA: An Open-sourced 15B Bilingual Asymmetric seq2seq Model Pre-trained from Scratchcited by 7
  7. 2024CFEVER: A Chinese Fact Extraction and VERification Datasetcited by 6
  8. 2026The Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Survey on Large Vision Language Models for Multimodal Fake News Detectioncited by 6
  9. 2025Adversarial Attacks Against Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 5
  10. 2023Give Me More Details: Improving Fact-Checking with Latent Retrievalcited by 4
  11. 2024Cross-Lingual Learning vs. Low-Resource Fine-Tuning: A Case Study with Fact-Checking in Turkishcited by 4
  12. 2024ViWikiFC: Fact-Checking for Vietnamese Wikipedia-Based Textual Knowledge Sourcecited by 4
  13. 2025NoTeS-Bank: Benchmarking Neural Transcription and Search for Scientific Notes Understandingcited by 3
  14. 2025When Scale Meets Diversity: Evaluating Language Models on Fine-Grained Multilingual Claim Verificationcited by 3
  15. 2024Overview of Factify5WQA: Fact Verification through 5W Question-Answeringcited by 2
  16. 2026Same Claim, Different Judgment: Benchmarking Scenario-Induced Bias in Multilingual Financial Misinformation Detectioncited by 2
  17. 2024The Future of Combating Rumors? Retrieval, Discrimination, and Generationcited by 1
  18. 2025CANDY: Benchmarking LLMs' Limitations and Assistive Potential in Chinese Misinformation Fact-Checkingcited by 1
  19. 2024Fact-checking based fake news detection: a reviewcited by 0
  20. 2024Interlocking-free Selective Rationalization Through Genetic-based Learningcited by 0
  21. 2026The Alignment Bottleneck in Decomposition-Based Claim Verificationcited by 0
  22. 2025Evaluating Reliability Asymmetries in Chinese Factual Search and AI Answerscited by 0
  23. 2026An Industrial-Scale Insurance LLM Achieving Verifiable Domain Mastery and Hallucination Control without Competence Trade-offscited by 0
  24. 2026Lychee-Reranker: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Rerankingcited by 0
  25. 2026ReMMD: Realistic Multilingual Multi-Image Agentic Verification for Multimodal Misinformation Detectioncited by 0