mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Moral Debater: A Study on the Computational Generation of Morally Framed Arguments

arXiv 2203.14563 ↗First posted 28 Mar 2022cs.CLcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

An audience's prior beliefs and morals are strong indicators of how likely they will be affected by a given argument. Utilizing such knowledge can help focus on shared values to bring disagreeing parties towards agreement. In argumentation technology, however, this is barely exploited so far. This paper studies the feasibility of automatically generating morally framed arguments as well as their effect on different audiences. Following the moral foundation theory, we propose a system that effectively generates arguments focusing on different morals. In an in-depth user study, we ask liberals and conservatives to evaluate the impact of these arguments. Our results suggest that, particularly when prior beliefs are challenged, an audience becomes more affected by morally framed arguments.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2022.

Builds on

10 of 34 references.

References · 10

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019Argument Generation with Retrieval, Planning, and Realizationcited by 45
  3. 2020Aspect-Controlled Neural Argument Generationcited by 43
  4. 2019Corpus Wide Argument Mining -- a Working Solutioncited by 36
  5. 2017Argument Strength is in the Eye of the Beholder: Audience Effects in Persuasioncited by 34
  6. 2019MoralStrength: Exploiting a Moral Lexicon and Embedding Similarity for Moral Foundations Predictioncited by 31
  7. 2019Exploring the Role of Prior Beliefs for Argument Persuasioncited by 30
  8. 2021Argument Undermining: Counter-Argument Generation by Attacking Weak Premisescited by 22
  9. 2021Belief-based Generation of Argumentative Claimscited by 14
  10. 2021Generating Informative Conclusions for Argumentative Textscited by 14

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 1.

22 papers.

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  1. 2022The Moral Foundations Reddit Corpuscited by 20
  2. 2023Do Differences in Values Influence Disagreements in Online Discussions?cited by 15
  3. 2025Are Rules Meant to be Broken? Understanding Multilingual Moral Reasoning as a Computational Pipeline with UniMoralcited by 14
  4. 2023Values, Ethics, Morals? On the Use of Moral Concepts in NLP Researchcited by 13
  5. 2024Do Moral Judgment and Reasoning Capability of LLMs Change with Language? A Study using the Multilingual Defining Issues Testcited by 9
  6. 2023ArgU: A Controllable Factual Argument Generatorcited by 7
  7. 2024Morality is Non-Binary: Building a Pluralist Moral Sentence Embedding Space using Contrastive Learningcited by 7
  8. 2024Value Preferences Estimation and Disambiguation in Hybrid Participatory Systemscited by 7
  9. 2023Architectural Sweet Spots for Modeling Human Label Variation by the Example of Argument Quality: It's Best to Relate Perspectives!cited by 5
  10. 2024Argument Quality Assessment in the Age of Instruction-Following Large Language Modelscited by 4
  11. 2025EAVIT: Efficient and Accurate Human Value Identification from Text data via LLMscited by 4
  12. 2024A Survey on Moral Foundation Theory and Pre-Trained Language Models: Current Advances and Challengescited by 3
10 more
  1. 2023Hi-ArG: Exploring the Integration of Hierarchical Argumentation Graphs in Language Pretrainingcited by 2
  2. 2023Interpretation modeling: Social grounding of sentences by reasoning over their implicit moral judgmentscited by 2
  3. 2025From Argumentation to Deliberation: Perspectivized Stance Vectors for Fine-grained (Dis)agreement Analysiscited by 2
  4. 2025Will Annotators Disagree? Identifying Subjectivity in Value-Laden Argumentscited by 2
  5. 2025News is More than a Collection of Facts: Moral Frame Preserving News Summarizationcited by 1
  6. 2025What the "Spotless" Mind Remembers: How Knowledge Entanglement Shapes What Leaks After Unlearning in LLMscited by 1
  7. 2024FinGen: A Dataset for Argument Generation in Financecited by 0
  8. 2025Taking a SEAT: Predicting Value Interpretations from Sentiment, Emotion, Argument, and Topic Annotationscited by 0
  9. 2025Building Resilient Information Ecosystems: Large LLM-Generated Dataset of Persuasion Attackscited by 0
  10. 2026A Multi-Stage Agentic Framework for Effective Counter-Narrative Generation and Refinementcited by 0