Preprocessing Reward Functions for Interpretability
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF
Abstract (arXiv)
In many real-world applications, the reward function is too complex to be manually specified. In such cases, reward functions must instead be learned from human feedback. Since the learned reward may fail to represent user preferences, it is important to be able to validate the learned reward function prior to deployment. One promising approach is to apply interpretability tools to the reward function to spot potential deviations from the user's intention. Existing work has applied general-purpose interpretability tools to understand learned reward functions. We propose exploiting the intrinsic structure of reward functions by first preprocessing them into simpler but equivalent reward functions, which are then visualized. We introduce a general framework for such reward preprocessing and propose concrete preprocessing algorithms. Our empirical evaluation shows that preprocessed rewards are often significantly easier to understand than the original reward.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 16 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2022.
Builds on
16 of 31 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2019Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences18 Sep
- 2018Reward learning from human preferences and demonstrations in Atari15 Nov
- 2018Learning to Understand Goal Specifications by Modelling Reward5 Jun
- 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences12 Jun
Other references · 12
- 2016"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifiercited by 5,040
- 2019Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,084
- 2017Learning Robust Rewards with Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 485
- 2019Extrapolating Beyond Suboptimal Demonstrations via Inverse Reinforcement Learning from Observationscited by 256
- 2018Programmatically Interpretable Reinforcement Learningcited by 192
- 2019Explainable Reinforcement Learning Through a Causal Lenscited by 177
- 2020Explainable Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 139
- 2020Quantifying Differences in Reward Functionscited by 62
- 2022Invariance in Policy Optimisation and Partial Identifiability in Reward Learningcited by 46
- 2020Understanding Learned Reward Functionscited by 37
- 2019Preferences Implicit in the State of the Worldcited by 33
- 2021Causal Analysis of Agent Behavior for AI Safetycited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
7 papers.
- 2025Reward Models in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 24
- 2022Calculus on MDPs: Potential Shaping as a Gradientcited by 4
- 2023Interpreting Learned Feedback Patterns in Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2024Partial Identifiability and Misspecification in Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2022Reward Learning with Trees: Methods and Evaluationcited by 2
- 2024Explaining Learned Reward Functions with Counterfactual Trajectoriescited by 1
- 2023Learning Interpretable Models of Aircraft Handling Behaviour by Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 0
- 2025Reward Models in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey18 Jun 2025
- 2024Partial Identifiability and Misspecification in Inverse Reinforcement Learning24 Nov 2024
- 2024Explaining Learned Reward Functions with Counterfactual Trajectories7 Feb 2024
- 2023Interpreting Learned Feedback Patterns in Large Language Models12 Oct 2023
- 2023Learning Interpretable Models of Aircraft Handling Behaviour by Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback26 May 2023
- 2022Reward Learning with Trees: Methods and Evaluation3 Oct 2022
- 2022Calculus on MDPs: Potential Shaping as a Gradient20 Aug 2022
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023On The Fragility of Learned Reward Functions
- 2023Can Differentiable Decision Trees Enable Interpretable Reward Learning from Human Feedback?
- 2025Interpretable Reward Modeling with Active Concept Bottlenecks
- 2026Reward Models Are Secretly Value Functions: Temporally Coherent Reward Modeling
- 2025Information-Theoretic Reward Decomposition for Generalizable RLHF
- 2021Interpretable Preference-based Reinforcement Learning with Tree-Structured Reward Functions
- 2026RewardExplainer: Learning Reward Model Explanations from Counterfactual Preference Feedback
- 2022Symbol Guided Hindsight Priors for Reward Learning from Human Preferences