Less is More: Summary of Long Instructions is Better for Program Synthesis
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Despite the success of large pre-trained language models (LMs) such as Codex, they show below-par performance on the larger and more complicated programming related questions. We show that LMs benefit from the summarized version of complicated questions. Our findings show that superfluous information often present in problem description such as human characters, background stories, and names (which are included to help humans in understanding a task) does not help models in understanding a task. To this extent, we create a meta-dataset from the frequently used APPS dataset and the newly created CodeContests dataset for the program synthesis task. Our meta-dataset consists of human and synthesized summaries of the long and complicated programming questions. Experimental results on Codex show that our proposed approach outperforms baseline by 8.13% on the APPS dataset and 11.88% on the CodeContests dataset on average in terms of strict accuracy. Our analysis shows that summaries significantly improve performance for introductory (9.86%) and interview (11.48%) programming questions. However, it shows improvement by a small margin (~ 2%) for competitive programming questions, implying scope for future research in this direction.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2022.
Builds on
17 of 28 references.
References · 17
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,747
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
- 2021Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 1,462
- 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,427
- 2019PEGASUS: Pre-training with Extracted Gap-sentences for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 1,100
- 2021CodeT5: Identifier-aware Unified Pre-trained Encoder-Decoder Models for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 890
- 2021Measuring Coding Challenge Competence With APPScited by 879
- 2021Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Modelscited by 871
- 2021CodeXGLUE: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 732
5 more
- 2021Cross-Task Generalization via Natural Language Crowdsourcing Instructionscited by 696
- 2021Reframing Instructional Prompts to GPTk's Languagecited by 176
- 2019Are We Modeling the Task or the Annotator? An Investigation of Annotator Bias in Natural Language Understanding Datasetscited by 173
- 2016DeepCoder: Learning to Write Programscited by 145
- 2017RobustFill: Neural Program Learning under Noisy I/Ocited by 124
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 7; 2024: 2; 2025: 3.
17 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 389
- 2024Self-Discover: Large Language Models Self-Compose Reasoning Structurescited by 108
- 2024LogicBench: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Modelscited by 67
- 2022Is a Question Decomposition Unit All We Need?cited by 37
- 2023Fully Autonomous Programming with Large Language Modelscited by 31
- 2023InstructABSA: Instruction Learning for Aspect Based Sentiment Analysiscited by 22
- 2023Instruction Tuned Models are Quick Learnerscited by 21
- 2022HELP ME THINK: A Simple Prompting Strategy for Non-experts to Create Customized Content with Modelscited by 17
- 2022How Many Data Samples is an Additional Instruction Worth?cited by 16
- 2022In-BoXBART: Get Instructions into Biomedical Multi-Task Learningcited by 16
- 2023Exploring the Robustness of Large Language Models for Solving Programming Problemscited by 16
- 2023InstructExcel: A Benchmark for Natural Language Instruction in Excelcited by 14
5 more
- 2022BioTABQA: Instruction Learning for Biomedical Table Question Answeringcited by 13
- 2023Revisiting the Plastic Surgery Hypothesis via Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2025The Art of Repair: Optimizing Iterative Program Repair with Instruction-Tuned Modelscited by 7
- 2025PLAN-TUNING: Post-Training Language Models to Learn Step-by-Step Planning for Complex Problem Solvingcited by 6
- 2025Direct Behavior Optimization: Unlocking the Potential of Lightweight LLMscited by 1
- 2025PLAN-TUNING: Post-Training Language Models to Learn Step-by-Step Planning for Complex Problem Solving10 Jul 2025
- 2025Direct Behavior Optimization: Unlocking the Potential of Lightweight LLMs6 Jun 2025
- 2025The Art of Repair: Optimizing Iterative Program Repair with Instruction-Tuned Models5 May 2025
- 2024LogicBench: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models23 Apr 2024
- 2024Self-Discover: Large Language Models Self-Compose Reasoning Structures6 Feb 2024
- 2023InstructExcel: A Benchmark for Natural Language Instruction in Excel23 Oct 2023
- 2023Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review21 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring the Robustness of Large Language Models for Solving Programming Problems26 Jun 2023
- 2023Instruction Tuned Models are Quick Learners17 May 2023
- 2023Fully Autonomous Programming with Large Language Models20 Apr 2023
- 2023Revisiting the Plastic Surgery Hypothesis via Large Language Models18 Mar 2023
- 2023InstructABSA: Instruction Learning for Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis16 Feb 2023
5 more
- 2022HELP ME THINK: A Simple Prompting Strategy for Non-experts to Create Customized Content with Models17 Aug 2022
- 2022BioTABQA: Instruction Learning for Biomedical Table Question Answering6 Jul 2022
- 2022Is a Question Decomposition Unit All We Need?25 May 2022
- 2022In-BoXBART: Get Instructions into Biomedical Multi-Task Learning15 Apr 2022
- 2022How Many Data Samples is an Additional Instruction Worth?17 Mar 2022
- 2024Self-Discover: Large Language Models Self-Compose Reasoning Structurescited by 108
- 2024LogicBench: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Modelscited by 67
- 2022HELP ME THINK: A Simple Prompting Strategy for Non-experts to Create Customized Content with Modelscited by 17
- 2024LogicBench: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models23 Apr 2024
- 2024Self-Discover: Large Language Models Self-Compose Reasoning Structures6 Feb 2024
- 2022HELP ME THINK: A Simple Prompting Strategy for Non-experts to Create Customized Content with Models17 Aug 2022
- 2023Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 389
- 2022Is a Question Decomposition Unit All We Need?cited by 37
- 2023Fully Autonomous Programming with Large Language Modelscited by 31
- 2023InstructABSA: Instruction Learning for Aspect Based Sentiment Analysiscited by 22
- 2023Instruction Tuned Models are Quick Learnerscited by 21
- 2022How Many Data Samples is an Additional Instruction Worth?cited by 16
- 2022In-BoXBART: Get Instructions into Biomedical Multi-Task Learningcited by 16
- 2023Exploring the Robustness of Large Language Models for Solving Programming Problemscited by 16
- 2023InstructExcel: A Benchmark for Natural Language Instruction in Excelcited by 14
- 2022BioTABQA: Instruction Learning for Biomedical Table Question Answeringcited by 13
- 2023Revisiting the Plastic Surgery Hypothesis via Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2025The Art of Repair: Optimizing Iterative Program Repair with Instruction-Tuned Modelscited by 7
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2025PLAN-TUNING: Post-Training Language Models to Learn Step-by-Step Planning for Complex Problem Solving10 Jul 2025
- 2025Direct Behavior Optimization: Unlocking the Potential of Lightweight LLMs6 Jun 2025
- 2025The Art of Repair: Optimizing Iterative Program Repair with Instruction-Tuned Models5 May 2025
- 2023InstructExcel: A Benchmark for Natural Language Instruction in Excel23 Oct 2023
- 2023Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review21 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring the Robustness of Large Language Models for Solving Programming Problems26 Jun 2023
- 2023Instruction Tuned Models are Quick Learners17 May 2023
- 2023Fully Autonomous Programming with Large Language Models20 Apr 2023
- 2023Revisiting the Plastic Surgery Hypothesis via Large Language Models18 Mar 2023
- 2023InstructABSA: Instruction Learning for Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis16 Feb 2023
- 2022BioTABQA: Instruction Learning for Biomedical Table Question Answering6 Jul 2022
- 2022Is a Question Decomposition Unit All We Need?25 May 2022
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)